Fiscal Year	2023
Division	Research & Sponsored Programs
Department	Naval Research Program
Investigator(s)	Gemba, Kay
Sponsor	NPS Naval Research Program (Navy)
Summary	The SONAR equation provides a precise accounting of acoustic transmission from a source of interest to one or several receivers. The equation's term of interest in this work is the one capturing noise, or more precisely, its component corresponding to environmental noise. From an operational point of view, to accurately predict probability of detection, reliable noise predictions (both models and prior validation measurements) as well as in-situ noise validation measurements are required. For example, dominant undesirable signals significantly contributing to prior validation measurements include microseismic noise, shipping, wind-dependent breaking waves, bubbles, rain, and biologics. This research characterizes omnidirectional, vertical-, and horizontal-beam mid-frequency noise (1-12 kHz) recorded over a 2-week period in the Norwegian sea observed with a billboard array.
Keywords	acoustic signal and array processing, ambient noise, detection, oceanography, tactical decision aids
Publications	Publications, theses (not shown) and data repositories will be added to the portal record when information is available in FAIRS and brought back to the portal
Data	Publications, theses (not shown) and data repositories will be added to the portal record when information is available in FAIRS and brought back to the portal