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Reference Tools
    Table of Contents


Legend

- NPS access only - Full text - Password required
- Army Knowledge Online - Navy Knowledge Online - Air Force Portal



General

    Almanac of American Politics 
        Profiles every senator, representative and governor, as well as the people and politics of every state and congressional
        district. The Almanac also provides interest group ratings, Census data, key votes, campaign expenditures,
        election results and much more.

    Answers.com
        Answers.com is a free, ad-supported, reference search tool, providing instant answers on over a million topics.
        As opposed to standard search engines that serve up a list of links for you to follow, Answers.com displays quick,
        snapshot answers. Editors derive the content from over 100 authoritative encyclopedias, dictionaries, glossaries and atlases.

    Information Please
        Includes: atlas, almanacs, encyclopedia, dictionary
        Forms of Address
            Forms of address and salutations for academics, clerical and religious orders, government officials, military and
            naval officers, and professions.

    iTools
        Quick access to the best Internet tools

    Martindale's 'The Reference Desk'

    Netstate.com
        A wealth of information on each of the 50 states.

    Ready Reference Collection (Internet Public Library)
        "Sources are selected according to ease of use, quality and quantity of information, frequency of updating,
        and authoritativeness."

    Refdesk.com

    Reference (Bartleby.com)
        "... combines the best of both contemporary and classic reference works ..."

    Reference Topics (Librarians' Index to the Internet)
        Annotated directory of reference resources on the Internet

Biographies

    Biography.com
        25,000+ short biographies

    Biography Center

    Presidents of the United States
        The purpose of this site is to provide researchers, teachers, students, politicians, journalists, and citizens
        a complete resource guide to the US Presidents.


Dictionaries

    Acronym Finder
        188,000+ acronyms, abbreviations, and initialisms defined

    Acronyma
        450,000+ acronyms, abbreviations, searchable by word or acronym.

    All That JAS: Journal Abbreviation Sources
        Registry of Web resources that list or provide access to the full title of journal abbreviations.

    American Heritage® Book of English Usage
        "... a detailed look at grammar, style, diction, word formation, gender, social groups and scientific forms ..."

    American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language
        "Over 90,000 entries feature 10,000 new words and senses, 70,000 audio word pronunciations, 900 full-page
        color illustrations, language notes and word-root appendixes."

    Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use
        "Originally published as NASA SP-7 in 1965"

    Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing (FOLDOC)

    A Glossary of Political Economy Terms" (Paul M. Johnson)

    Merriam-Webster Online
        Contains Collegiate® Dictionary and Thesaurus

    NetLingo
        "... words and definitions that describe the technology and community world of the Web."

    Newbury House Online Dictionary
        "40,000 entries .... provides a wealth of sample sentences, idioms, and a wide array of cultural facts and figures."

    Online Dictionary (webster-dictionary.org)
        Searches: Webster's 1913 Dictionary, WordNet Dictionary, Wikipedia, Dictionary of Computing, and others

    Online Dictionary of the Social Sciences (Athabasca University)
        "... designed for undergraduate students and the entries cover basic concepts and events relevant to the study of:
        anthropology, sociology, criminology, Canadian studies, political science and women's studies."

    Online Nautical Dictionaries (Termisti Research Centre)

    Oxford English Dictionary 
        Complete text of the OED's twenty-volume Second Edition and three-volume Additions Series

    Roget's II: The New Thesaurus (Bartleby.com)
        Containing 35,000 synonyms in an easy-to-use format, this thesaurus features succinct word definitions and an
        innovative hyperlinked category index."

    Webopedia
        Online dictionary and search engine for computer and Internet technology

    Language Dictionaries

        lexicool
            This directory currently has links to over 1000 translation dictionaries and glossaries.

        OneLook Dictionaries
            4,050,843 words in 757 online dictionaries

        Rustran.com
            English-Russian Dictionary

        yourDictionary.com
            Links to over 1,500 dictionaries in 230 languages

    Military Dictionaries & Thesauri

        CALL Dictionary and Thesaurus (Center for Army Lessons Learned)

        CAP Glossary
            Glossary of Words Used by Combined Action Program Marines in Vietnam.

        Ballistic Missile Defense Glossary (Missile Defense Agency)

        Defense Modeling and Simulation Glossary and Acronyms (Defense Modeling and Simulation Office)

        DoD Dictionary of Military Terms (Joint Electronic Library)
            Sets forth standard US military and associated terminology to encompass the joint activity of the Armed Forces
            of the United States in both US joint and allied joint operations, as well as to encompass the Department of Defense
            (DOD) as a whole.

        Globemaster Dictionary
            The database contains about 6,000 abbreviations and acronyms of all military branches

        Glossary of Defense Acquisition Acronyms and Terms (Defense Systems Management College)

        Language of War (PBS)
            Terms and acronyms unique to the Vietnam War

        Military Definitions (Federation of American Scientists)

        Naval Terminology, Jargon and Slang FAQ
            Part 1 - A through M
            Part 2 - N through Z

    Military Abbreviations & Acronyms

        Abbreviations and Acronyms (Defense Finance and Accounting Service)

        Air Force Acronyms (Los Angeles Air Force Base)

        DoD/IT Acronym Listing (Data & Analysis Center for Software)

        DoD/IT Acronyms (Data & Analysis Center for Software)

        Jane's Defence Glossary
            Contains over 20,000 defence-related acronyms and abbreviations

        Military Acronyms and Glossaries (Indiana University-Purdue University Indiana)
            Index of military acronyms and Glossary sites

        Military Acronyms, Initialisms, and Abbreviations (Federation of American Scientists)

        NAVAIR

        NAVOCEANO Acronym Dictionary, RP 49

        Navy Safety Center list [OPNAVINST 5101.1D]

        Terms /Abbreviations / Acronyms (Federation of American Scientists)

        U.S. Government and Military Acronyms (Logistics World)

        U.S. Army Abbreviations, Brevity Codes, and Acronyms (ABCA)
            (U.S. Army Records Management and Declassification Agency)

        U.S. Military Abbreviation and Acronym List



Directories

        addresses.com
            Search email addresses, phone numbers, street addresses, reverse lookup

        The Area Decoder (Area Code Lookup Service)
            Provides current information related to area, city, and country codes

        AT&T Toll-Free (800) Internet Directory

        Congressional Information Center (C-SPAN)

        Congressional Directory

        Congressional Staff Directory  (CQPress)
            Detailed information on 540 members of Congress. Updated daily.

        Defense Switch Network (DSN)

        Department of Defense (DoD) Directory White Pages
            .mil sites only. Requires Common Access Card (CAC)

        Embassies in Washington, D.C (The Electronic Embassy)
            "... provides information on each of the embassies in Washington D.C., with links to Web-based resources where available

        Federal Staff Directory  (CQPress))
            Detailed information on offices and staffs of all federal departments and agencies. Updated daily.

        Homeland Security Staff Directory  (CQPress)
            Detailed information on key officials and staff working in the areas of Homeland and national security across all
            three executive branches. Updated daily.

        Judicial Staff Directory  (CQPress)
            Detailed information on offices and staffs of all U.S. and state courts. Updated daily.

        NeighborhoodScout   
            NeighborhoodScout is a neighborhood search engine for homebuyers and a full-service real estate resource center.
            It provides customized relocation information - including exclusive school rankings, crime rates, and lifestyle searches
            - to help consumers nationwide find their ideal neighborhoods, connect with Realtors to buy or sell homes, view home
            listings, and save on financing and moving services.

        Peterson's Educational Center
            "... consistently organized information about educational opportunities at all levels" including "... distance learning courses
            and online degree programs."

        Plum Book
            The United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions, commonly known as the Plum Book, is used to identify
            presidentially appointed positions within the Federal Government. The Plum Book lists over 7,000 Federal civil service
            leadership and support positions in the legislative and executive branches of the Federal Government that may be
            subject to noncompetitive appointment, nationwide.

        Telephone Directories on the Web
            "... over 400 links to Yellow Pages, White Pages, Business Directories, Email Addresses and Fax Listings from over
            170 countries all around the world."

        The Ultimates
            Search resources from all over the net like phone books, email directories, and trip planners

        U.S. Blue Pages
            Search for federal government agencies and services by state, city, area code, agency or service, and keyword.

        U.S. Post Office
            ZIP+4 Code Lookup
            City State / ZIP Code Associations

        Zip Code Lookup (Zip Express™)
            Retrieve a list of all ZIP codes in a city, county, or area code or search by ZIP code and get the city, county, and area code.


Encyclopedias

        AccessScience 
            Online encyclopedia of science & technology from McGraw-Hill

        AlternaTime
            Timelines for History & Cultures, Science & Technology, Art & Literature, Popular Culture, and Science Fiction

        Atomic Archive
            "This site explores the complex history surrounding the invention of the atomic bomb - a crucial turning point
            for all mankind."

        Columbia Encyclopedia (Bartleby.com)
            51,000 entries (6.5 million words) with 80,000 hypertext cross-references

        HyperHistory
            2,000 files covering 3,000 years of history in synchronoptic format

        Tech Encyclopedia
            More than 14,000 definitions of computer terms and concepts

        Whatis?com
            IT-specific encyclopedia

        Wikipedia
            Collaborative encyclopedia anyone can edit

        World Factbook (CIA)
            Basic statistical data and maps of the countries of the world


Money, Facts, Figures Dates

        Adherents.com
            Adherents.com is a growing collection of over 50,000 adherent statistics and religious geography citations -- references
            to published membership/adherent statistics and congregation statistics for over 4,200 religions, churches, denominations,
            religious bodies, faith groups, tribes, cultures, movements, ultimate concerns, etc

        Community Information by Zip Code (California State Northridge)

        Foreign Exchange Rates (Federal Reserve)

        How Many? (Russ Rowlett)
            A Dictionary of Units of Measurement

        Inflation Conversion Factors for Dollars 1665 to Estimated 2016 (Robert Sahr)

        North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) (U.S. Census Bureau)
            1997 NAICS and 1987 SIC Correspondence Tables

        OANDA the Currency Site
            "... provides an extensive set of currency conversion and foreign exchange information services for travelers,
            investors and businesses."

        Population Reference Bureau
            PRB analyzes complex demographic data and research to provide the most objective, accurate, and up-to-date
            population information in a format that is easily understood by advocates, journalists, and decisionmakers alike

        Population Reference Bureau Country Statistics & Reports

        Standard Industrial Code (SIC) Index

        State & County QuickFacts (U.S. Census Bureau)
            Quick, easy access to facts about people, business, and geography

        Statistical Abstract of the United States
            "Presents extensive selection of statistics for the United States, with selected data for regions, divisions, States,
            metropolitan areas (MA's), cities, and foreign countries from reports and records of government and private agencies."
            Historical material from 1878- is available with some gaps.

        Statistical Resources on the Web (University of Michigan)
                Annotated directory statistics resources

        This Day In History (History Channel)
            Describes what happened on this date in history. You can also search by date

        United States Census of Population and Housing (U.S. Census Bureau)
            Census of Population and Housing data present here ranges from our most recent census to the historical decennial
            census conducted throughout the decades.

        What Was the Exchange Rate Then? (EH.net)
            Find the exchange rate, for any year or range of years, between the United States and other countries


Physical World

        Astronomical Applications Data Services (U.S. Naval Observatory)
            Computations for: Sunrise, Sunset, Moonrise, Moonset, and Twilight; Moon Illumination; Eclipses; Positions of the Sun
            and Moon; Data for Solar System Bodies and Bright Stars; Dates.

        Cartographic Reference Resources (University of Texas, Perry-Castañeda Library)
            Gazetteers, distance calculators, time zones, latitude/longitude, tide predictions, map projections, glossaries, and guides

        Chemicool Periodic Table

        Convert Me.com
            Interactive calculators for many measurement systems both commonly used like metric and U.S. Avoirdupois and quite
            exotic like Ancient Greek and Roman.

        ePodunk
            ePodunk provides in-depth information about more than 25,000 communities around the country, from Manhattan to
            Los Angeles, Pottstown to Podunk. Our listings also include geocoded information about thousands of parks,
            museums, historic sites, colleges, schools and other places across America.

        Geocoder
            Find the latitude & longitude for any U.S. address or intersection

        GEOnet Names Server (National Imagery and Mapping Agency)
            "... provides access to the National Imagery and Mapping Agency's (NIMA) database of foreign geographic feature names.
            .... Geographic Area of Coverage: Worldwide excluding the United States and Antarctica."

        Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names Online (J. Paul Getty Trust)
            The Thesaurus of Geographic Names is a structured vocabulary currently containing around 1,102,000 names and
            other information about places. Places in TGN include administrative political entities (e.g., cities, nations) and
            physical features (e.g., mountains, rivers). Current and historical places are included. Names for a place may include
            names in the vernacular language, English, other languages, historical names, names and in natural order and inverted
            order.

        Physics and Astronomy Reference (PhysLink.com)
            The PhysLink.com is a comprehensive physics and astronomy online education, research and reference web site.

        Physics and Astronomy Reference Greek Alphabet

        How Stuff Works

        Lenntech Periodic Table
            Each chemical element contains a link to a page that explains its chemical properties, health effects, environmental effects,
            application data, an image and also information of the history/inventor of each element.

        Martindale's Calculators On-Line Center

        The Pictorial Periodic Table
            "... an interactive periodic table with a comprehensive database of element properties ..."

        Research Ship Schedules & Information
            "... searchable database of cruise schedules and ship specifications and contact information. for research vessels
            around the world."

        Smithsonian Physical Tables  
            901 tables of general interest to scientists and engineers

        Time and Date.com
            A guide to time zones, calendars

        Time Service Department (U.S. Naval Observatory)
            "The Official Source of Time for the Department of Defense and the Standard of Time for the United States."

        U.S. Gazetteer (U.S. Census Bureau)
            "This gazetteer is used to identify places to view with the Tiger Map Server and obtain census data from the
            1990 Census Lookup server. You can search for places, counties or MCDs by entering the name and state
            abbreviation (optional), or 5-digit zip code."

        USGS Geographic Names Information System
            "... contains information about almost 2 million physical and cultural geographic features in the United States."

        The World's Water
            "... dedicated to providing up-to-date water information, data, and web connections to organizations, institutions,
            and individuals working on a wide range of global freshwater problems and solutions."

        WorldTimeZone.com
            Time zone maps, Sun clock map, Daylight saving map

    Distance Calculators

        Asia-Pacific Distance Calculator
            Calculate the distance between two points in the Asia-Pacific Region

        Great Circle Calculator
            Drag your mouse across an interactive map and choose a result in miles, kilometers or nautical miles

        Great Circle Sailing
            National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

        How far is it
            This service finds the latitude and longitude of two places, and then calculates the distance between
            them (as the crow flies).

        Mercator Sailing (National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency)

        Surface Distance Between Two Points of Latitude and Longitude / Great Circle Distance Between Two Cities
            Input Latitude and longitude or choose between 326 cities


Public Opinion

        ACNielsen
            This provides a source of marketing research.
        Americans and the World
            This provides a source of comprehensive information on US public opinion on international issues and includes
            The Digest, which provides comprehensive analyses on polling on various international topics.

        Arab American Institute
            The Arab American Institute (AAI) is a non-profit organization that represents the policy and community interests
            of Arab Americans throughout the United States. We focus in two areas: campaigns and elections, and policy
            formulation and research.

        Arab American Institute Resources

        Center for Development Studies Opinion Polls (Birzeit University)

        Center for Strategic Studies Public Opinion Polls (University of Jordan)

        Cornell University Media & Society Research Group
            Group Reports

        European Public Opinion (European Union)
            This is the website for the Public Opinion Analysis sector of the European Commission. These surveys and studies
            address major topics concerning European citizenship: enlargement, social situation, health, culture, information
            technology, environment, the Euro, defence, etc.

        Gallup Brain  
            The Gallup Brain is a searchable, living record of more than 60 years of public opinion. Inside, you'll find answers to more
            than 125,000 questions, and responses from more than 3.5 million people interviewed by The Gallup Poll since 1935.

        Gallup Poll
            This searchable site provides a full-text poll archive on various topics.

        Guide to Public Opinion Poll Web Sites
            Polling data from around the world.

        Harris Poll
            Begun in 1963, The Harris Poll weekly column is one of the longest running; most respected proprietary surveys conducted
            by Harris Interactive measuring public opinion and is highly regarded throughout the world.

        International Journal of Public Opinion Research 
            Use Publication Search in ProQuest  

        LexisNexis Statistical  
            Search for:
                "Foreign opinion of U.S."
                "Opinion and attitude surveys"
                "Political attitudes and ideology"

        National Election Studies Guide to Public opinion and Electoral Behavior (University of Michigan)
            "The Guide provides political observers, policy makers, journalists, teachers, students, and social scientists with
            immediate access to tables and graphs that display the ebb and flow of public opinion and electoral behavior and
            choice in American politics since 1948."

        National Network of State Polls
            A confederation of organizations that conduct state-level surveys.

        Nexis.com  
            LexisNexis contains the full-text of many articles about public opinion.
                Enter your topic and the following:
                    and SUBJECT ("POLLS & SURVEYS")

        Opinion Polls in Iraq (IraqAnalysis.org)
            A list of opinion polls carried out in Iraq

        PAIS (Public Affairs Information Service) International 
            PAIS indexes many articles about public opinion.
                Enter your topic and one of the following:
                    "and public opinion"
                    "and foreign opinion"

        Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research

        Palestinian Center for Public Opinion
            Licensed by the Palestinian Ministry of Information.  Conducts public opinion surveys, polls, market studies, and other research.
                    Polls

        Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life
            "As part of its mission to explore the role religion plays in American public life, the Pew Forum develops and
            releases an annual survey on religion and public life. In addition, the Forum periodically commissions shorter
            polls on particularly timely issues."
                    Muslim Americans: Middle Class and Mostly Mainstream

        Pew Global Attitudes Project
            "The Pew Global Attitudes Project is a series of worldwide public opinion surveys, originally of more than 38,000 people
            in 44 countries, and expanded with additional surveys to a total of nearly 75,000 people among the 50 populations
            surveyed (49 countries plus the Palestinian Authority). The project encompasses a broad array of subjects ranging
            from people's assessments of their own lives to their views about the current state of the world and important issues
            of the day."

        Pew Research Center for the People and the Press
            "The Center is an independent opinion research group that studies attitudes toward the press, politics and public policy
            issues. We are best known for regular national surveys that measure public attentiveness to major news stories, and for
            our polling that charts trends in values and fundamental political and social attitudes."

        Polling Report.com
            "An independent survey of trends affecting elections, government, and business." Includes Gallup, Harris, Yankelovich,
            Princeton Survey Research Associates, network news polls, etc.

        Polling/Surveys/Public Opinion (Columbia University)
            A guide to public opinion survey resources on the web and in print.

        Polling the Nations
            Some 14,000 surveys from 1,000 survey organizations in the US and 100 other countries

        Program on International Policy Attitudes (PIPA) (University of Maryland)
            "The Program on International Policy Attitudes (PIPA) carries out research on public opinion on foreign policy
            and international issues by conducting nationwide polls, focus groups and comprehensive reviews of polling
            conducted by other organizations."

        ProQuest  
            ProQuest contains the full-text of many articles about public opinion.
                In the Advanced Search enter your topic and one of the following Subjects:
                    "Public opinion"
                    "Public opinion surveys"
                    "Polls & surveys"
                    "Attitude surveys"

        Public Agenda
            Public Agenda is a nonpartisan and nonprofit organization providing research on "what the public really thinks about issues
            ranging from education to foreign policy to immigration to religion and civility in American life."

        Public Opinion Poll Question Database (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)
            Searchable database of more than 60,000 poll questions from over 1000 Louis Harris Polls.

        Public Opinion Research Reports
            Government of Canada

        Public Opinion Surveys (Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research)
            A guide to public opinion survey resources on the web.

        Russian Public Opinion Research Center
            Political, social, and business opinion research from Russia.

        Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
            Also available in LexisNexis Academic   
                 Click on: Reference then Polls & Surveys

       World Public Opinion
           Provides articles on the results of opinion polls taken around the world on a wide variety of current issues.

       World Values Survey
            "The World Values Survey is a worldwide investigation of socio-cultural and political change. It is conducted by a
            network of social scientists at leading universities all around world. The survey is performed on nationally representative
            samples in almost 80 societies on all six inhabited continents. A total of four waves have been carried since 1981
            allowing accurate comparative analysis."
        
        Zogby International
            "Zogby International has been tracking public opinion since 1984 in North America, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia,
            and Europe"
        
        Zogby Worldwide


Quotations

        Aphorims
            "The goal of Aphorisms Galore! is to store an abundance of aphorisms along with information on their origin ..."

        Bartlett's Familiar Quotations (Bartleby.com)
            "This tenth edition of 1919 contains over 11,000 searchable quotations ..."

        GIGA for Quotes and Folks
            50,000 quotes, biographical information on over 8,000 people, and a reading list of over 3,000 books

        Great Aviation Quotes
            "... collection of man's great thoughts on flying, airplanes, and being a pilot."

        Quoteland.com

        Simpson's Contemporary Quotations (Bartleby.com)
            "Comprising over 10,000 quotations from 4,000 sources, Simpson includes 25 categories and 60 sections ..."


  Revised:  Tuesday, April 28, 2009
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