Directed Energy Weapons: A Bibliography

Although there are a number of very relevant reports issued with distribution limitations (e.g. FOUO or DOD only) due to the public nature of this bibliography, this section includes unclassified/unlimited distribution references only. Abstracts were taken from various databases and were written by the authors of the documents cited or by the abstracting service from which the citations were generated not by the author of this bibliography.

Ramos, Luis. "Atmospheric Propagation Simulations and Boeing's High Average Power Free Electron Laser." Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. 65p.
Abstract:The development of a high average power FEL for military applications, whether shipboard or not, represents a significant advancement in technology over present weapons system design. The FEL has significant advantages over conventional kinetic systems and other classical high-energy laser systems. The rapid response, wavelength tunability, and infinite magazine make the FEL a highly desirable shipboard weapon system. The initial pan of this thesis examines the advantages of a FEL over a conventional kinetic weapon. Section II explores the atmospheric phenomenon that affects the propagation of a laser beam enroute to its target. Section III presents the Boeing FEL proposal followed by the theory of the FEL. Lastly, in Sections V, VI, simulations are conducted to analyze the FEL's feasibility.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A305 947

Rauh, R.D. and Gerhard L Holleck. "Development of a Nickel Oxide/Hydrogen Multilayer Bipolar Battery for Pulsed Power." Norwood, MA: EIC Labs., Inc., April 1987. 3p.
Abstract:Spaced-based missile defense systems will require sources of pulsed power to operate prospective directed energy weapons. In principle, an electrochemical power source can provide this power at a much lower weight than alternative magnetic or electric field devices (capacitors or inductors). However, advances must be made in high rate thin film electrode materials and in battery design. In the present program we are investigating electrochemical capacities under pulsed conditions for two promising materials (1) LaNi5 which acts as hydrogen storage anode with high hydrogen diffusion rates and (2) a hydrated nickel oxide cathode with optimized mixed ionic and electronic conductivity. Thin films were prepared by reactive sputtering, vapor disposition, anodization of nickel and electrochemical precipitation of nickel hydroxide.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A181 004

Reed, Harry L., Jr. "Small Force Effectiveness of Direct Fire Weapons: Model Analysis." Final report. 1 February-1 June 1990. Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. September 1990. 102p.
Abstract:This report discusses three modified versions of the TANKWARS model: (1) a version which uses an input table of priorities that allows the option of breaking off firing for newly appearing high priority targets and allows prioritization among targets that are already engaged by the various members of the team and that are of various significance, (2) a version which allows a more realistic meeting engagement in which both sides can advance and also have defending vehicles remain in hull defilade; and (3) a version in which the defending forces can operate in a pop up mode. In this mode, a nonfiring vehicle detects targets and transfers them to fully defilade tanks which then pop up to hull defilade, fire and pop down.
REPORT NUMBER: BRL-CR-641
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A226 322

Rees, D.E. "Models to Evaluate Magnicon Architectures and Designs Suitable for High-Perveance Beams." Thesis (Ph.D.) Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM. March 1994. 271p.
Abstract:The magnicon, a new high-power, radio frequency (rf) deflection- modulated amplifier, was recently developed at the Institute for Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The first magnicon achieved a peak output power of 2.6 MW for 50-(mu)s pulses at a frequency of 915 MHz with a dc-to-rf conversion efficiency of 73%. The conversion efficiency achieved by the original magnicon represents a significant improvement over state-of-the-art conventional velocity- and density-modulated devices. Therefore, if properly exploited, the magnicon could substantially reduce the operating expenses of industrial, scientific, and military facilities that require large amounts of RF power. This dissertation describes the operational principles of the magnicon, provides small-signal analytical theory (where practical), presents a large-signal numerical model to characterize magnicon performance, and then utilizes this model to investigate the characteristics of the component magnicon structures. Using these modeling tools, the first-generation magnicon architecture is analyzed for its performance sensitivity to electron-beam size and is found to support beams of only limited diameter. Finally, an alternate magnicon geometry, called a ''uniform-field'' magnicon, is presented and shown to support beams of larger diameter.
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-94-009370

Reid, D.W. "Thermal Management of an Accelerator System in Space." Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM. 1990. 14p. In: Prospector 1: Key Issues in Space Technology, Park City, UT, 20-22 March 1990.
Abstract:For the past several years the Accelerator Technology Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory has been working under Strategic Defense Initiative sponsorship to develop a Neutral Particle Beam (NPB) weapon system. A weapon grade NPB system generates 10s of MWs of waste energy which must be dissipated in some fashion. There are only three ways that heat may be dissipated in space. The first is to expel a hot gas or liquid from the spacecraft. The second method is to directly radiate the generated heat to deep space. The third method is to dissipate the heat in some type of thermal mass storage. The objective of this workshop is to try to determine the best way to dissipate MWs in space.
REPORT NUMBER:LA-UR-90-2159, CONF-9003178-1
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-90-013153

"Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Military System Applications of Superconductors." Final report. Washington, DC: Defense Science Board, October 1988. 88p.
Abstract:The Task Force found a number of superconductivity applications that could result in significant new military capabilities, including electronics and high power applications. In particular, superconducting materials could enable significant military improvements in: Magnetic Field Sensors with greatly increased sensitivity for improved detection and identification capability; Passive Microwave and Millimeter-wave Components enabling increased detection range and discrimination in clutter; Staring Infrared Focal Plane Array sensors incorporating superconducting electronics permitting significant range and sensitivity increases over current scanning IR sensors; Wideband Analog and Ultra-Fast Digital Signal Processing for radar and optical sensors; High Power Motors and Generators for ship and aircraft propulsion leading to: decreased displacement; drive system flexibility; increased range; or longer endurance on station; Magnets/Energy Storage for high power microwave, millimeter-wave or optical generators (e.g., free electron laser); capability for powering quiet propulsion systems; Electro-Magnetic Launchers capable of launching hypervelocity projectiles for antiarmor weapons and close-in ship defense weapons; and Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Propulsion enabling ultra quiet drives for submarines, torpedoes, and surface ships.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A201 125

"Report to the Congress on the Strategic Defense Initiative." Washington, DC: Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, April 1988. 320p.
Abstract:TABLE OF CONTENTS : (1.0) PROGRAM IN PERSPECTIVE; (2.0) PROGRAM STRUCTURE AND STRATEGY; (3.0) PROGRAMS AND SYSTEMS; (3.1) SDS Phase I; (3.2) SDS Engineering and Support; (3.3) National Test Bed; (3.4) BM/C3 Program; (3.5) Theater Missile Defense; (3.6) Operations Interface; (3.7) Funding Impact; (4.0) TECHNOLOGY; (4.1) Surveillance, Acquisition, Tracking, and Kill Assessment Program; (4.2) Kinetic Energy Weapons Technology Program; (4.3) Directed Energy Weapons Technology Program; (4.4) Survivability, Lethality, and Key Technologies Program; (4.5) Innovative Science and Technology Program; (5.0) TEST AND EVALUATION; APPENDIX (A): SDI and the Allies; APPENDIX (B): Soviet Strategic Defense Programs and Soviet Response to SDI; APPENDIX (C): SDI Compliance with the ABM Treaty; APPENDIX (D): SDI Organization and Comptrollership; APPENDIX (E): SDI Technology Applications Program; APPENDIX (F): SDI Technology and Other Defensive Missions; APPENDIX (G): Implications of No ABM Treaty Restriction on the SDI Program.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A321 530

"Report to the Congress on the Strategic Defense Initiative 1990." Washington, DC: Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, May 1990. 177p.
Abstract:This report recounts the progress the SDI program has made over the last several years and describes our plans for the future. One of the biggest breakthroughs occurred recently--the introduction of the Brilliant Pebbles concept into the space-based portion of the defense architecture. Preliminary cost estimates and effectiveness analyses indicate that deployment of Brilliant Pebbles as the space-based layer of a Phase One Strategic Defense System could allow savings of $14 billion from previous estimates, reducing the cost of an initial system from $69 billion to approximately $55 billion. In 1989, we launched the Beam Experiment Aboard a Rocket (BEAR), which demonstrated propagation of a particle beam in space. Also in 1989, we witnessed the first firing of the Alpha chemical laser. In 1990, we plan to achieve even more significant testing milestones. In January, we launched the first High Endo-Atmospheric Defense Interceptor (HEDI) test and demonstrated the ability to cool the interceptor's forebody and sensor window. We are demonstrating defensive technologies that we believe offer the potential for moving toward a more stable relationship with the Soviet Union while reducing offensive forces. In sum, our efforts to demonstrate defensive technologies, to modernize our offensive forces and to work toward beneficial arms control agreements are fully integrated and mutually reinforcing.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A224 950

Restivo, Rick A. "Free Electron Laser Weapons and Electron Beam Transport." Master's thesis. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, June 1997. 70p.
Abstract:The Navy is exploring the possibility of using a MW class free electron laser (FEL) as a ship self-defense weapon against anti-ship missiles. The Navy has helped fund the construction of a KW average power FEL and has held workshops to discuss weapons class FELs. A design workshop resulted in two possible MW FELs which are examined. One of these designs, the MW regenerative amplifier FEL, is looked at further to determine the feasibility of its design parameters. The second design, the MW oscillator FEL, presents a challenge in understanding the electron beam transport phenomena known as coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). A workshop concluded that CSR is potentially disruptive in the electron beam recovery in the oscillator design. Possible CSR experiments are analyzed to help the Navy's Directed Energy office determine which, if any, CSR experiment will be useful.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A333 358

Robiscoe, R.T., D.D. Cobb, and W.B. Maier. "Onboard Detection of Intrinsic Ly(alpha) Radiation from a Neutral Particle Beam." Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM. May 1990. 27p.
Abstract:We consider photometers onboard a hydrogen neutral particle beam (NPB) space platform which monitor the intrinsic radiation from excited atoms in the NPB in flight. The radiation of choice is the Lyman (alpha) (Ly(alpha)) line 1216 A, emitted when the beam's (approx. equal) 7% fraction of H (2S) atoms is motionally quenched in the earth's magnetic field. At nominal 20-MeV NPB energy, the Ly(alpha) radiation persists at 1% of its initial intensity out to 100 m along the beam, and is red-shifted to 1494 A when viewed form behind the exciting NPB pulse. A photosensitive detector with a (approximately) 5(degree) field of view, placed adjacent to the NPB exit port and viewing the NPB pulse along its limb, shows marked changes in detected Ly(alpha) intensity when the NPB axis shifts direction. If the NPB pulse is nominally 50 MA times 100 (mu)s, and if the detector is a 1-cm(sup 2) array of 25 (mu)m times 25 (mu)m photosensitive pixels located in the focal plane of an 8-cm diam. f/1 LiF lens, then pixels at the brightest part of the beam image are illuminated by up to 2300 Ly(alpha) photons per NPB pulse. The pixel quantum efficiency, optics transmission losses, and a geometric correction for viewing angle reduce the maximum count rate to (approximately) 200 photoelectrons per pixel per pulse under realistic operating conditions, and at a limb-viewing angle (i.e., angle between beam and detector axes) of (approx. equal) 6 mrad. At smaller viewing angles the pixels count rate declines rapidly, but rapidly, but becomes sensitive to small angular shifts in the NPB axis direction. In the limit of shot-noise on the pixel count, and at optimum viewing angle ((approx. equal) 0.54 mrad), we find that a single pixel can sense beam-axis shifts of (approx. equal) (plus minus)50 (mu)rad.
REPORT NUMBER: LA-11776-MS
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-90-010341

Rongrui, Wang. "Some Advances in U.S. Space Defense Systems." Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Foreign Technology Division, 10 December 1991. 17p. Translation of Jiguang Yu Hongwai (China) 1989, v.19 n.19 p.15-19.
Abstract:This article, by way of a simple summary, introduces certain aspects of the U.S. Star Wars program which have undergone developments recently as well as experimentation planned in the future. In 1984, the U.S. Defense Department set up a Strategic Defense authority in order to carry out the Star Wars Program and put vigorous effort into the development of directed energy weapon, kinetic energy weapons, as well as research on a set of technologies such as early warning, aiming, tracking, and target recognition. This article, on the basis of openly published U.S. sources, takes a comprehensive look at the status of several areas of development in U.S. space defense systems.
REPORT NUMBER: FT-DID (RS) T-1472-90
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A246 038

Rongrui, Wang. "Tactical Laser Weapons and other Directed-Energy Weapons." Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Foreign Aerospace Science and Technology Center, 30 July 1993. 17p. Translation of Laser and Infrared (China), 1990, v. 20, n. 5, p. 26-29.
Abstract:No abstract available.
REORT NUMBER: FASTC-ID (RS) T-0124-93
ACCESSION NUMBER:AD-A267 961

Rose, M. Frank et al. "Limiting Factors for Carbon Based Chemical Double Layer Capacitors." Auburn Univ., AL. Solid State Sciences Center. November 1993. 11p. In: NASA Lewis Research Center, Space Electrochemical Research and Technology. p. 231-241. [N94-23345]
Abstract:The Chemical Double Layer (CDL) capacitor improves energy storage density dramatically when compared with conventional electrolytic capacitors. When compared to batteries, the CDL Capacitor is much less energy dense; however, the power density is orders of magnitude better. As a result, CDL-battery combinations present an interesting pulse power system with many potential applications. Due to the nature of the CDL it is inherently a low voltage device. The applications of the CDL can be tailored to auxiliary energy and burst mode storages which require fast charge/discharge cycles. Typical of the applications envisioned are power system backup, directed energy weapons concepts, electric automobiles, and electric actuators. In this paper, we will discuss some of the general characteristics of carbon-based CDL technology describing the structure, performance parameters, and methods of construction. Further, analytical and experimental results which define the state of the art are presented and described in terms of impact on applications.
ACCESSION NUMBER: N94-23365

Rose, M. Frank, L.C. Chow and J.H. Johnson. "Thermal Management of Space-Based, High-Power Solid-State RF Amplifiers." Final report. Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM. 1 August 1990. 172p.
Abstract:The advanced weapons concepts envisioned by the SDIO employed a wide array of highly energetic devices, which due to inefficiencies, generate large quantities of waste heat. Power and thermal management are integrally related. In the vacuum of space, disposing of waste energy is a major problem which can contribute as much as 50% to the overall spacecraft mass and volume. The problem becomes more acute as the temperature at which the energy must be rejected is lowered. In an earlier study, thermal management issues associated with megawatt class RF microwave tubes were explored to determine if there were simple, approximately mass neutral schemes which might be adapted to dispose of the waste energy generated within a tube collector operating in space. The assumptions for that study were: (1) Tubes were in the megawatt class-70% efficient for single simple collector and 90% efficient for depressed collectors, (2) On-board, super critical hydrogen was available at a pressure of 35 bars and a temperature of 35 K. (3) The largest single event run time was 500 seconds. (4) The device would be dormant for long periods of time, be required to become active in tens of seconds followed by long periods of dormancy. (5) The only allowable effluentis hydrogen. (6) System impact must be minimal.
REPORT NUMBER: LA-SUB-96-59
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-96-015210

Roth, J.R. and Igor Alexeff. "Research on Heating, Instabilities, Turbulence and RF (Radiofrequency) Emission from Electric Field Dominated Plasmas." Final report. 15 March 1986-14 May 1989. Knoxville, TN: Tennessee Univ., Plasma Science Laboratory, 1 July 1989. 238p.
Abstract:This contract has supported four research programs: 1) a program of research on plasma turbulence; 2) a program of research on plasma heating by collisional magnetic pumping; 3) a research program on the Orbitron submillimeter maser; and 4) the initial phase of a program on plasma cloaking of military targets for protection against radar and directed microwave energy weapons. Progress in these areas is documented in the text of this final report and in the twenty archival publications included in the appendices to this report. In addition to the above four research areas, we are continuing our work on plasma diagnostic development, and the development of new state-of-the-art data analysis and reduction methods, including software development for online reduction of Langmuir probe, capacitive probe, and other diagnostic information. We are also developing the capability to analyze electrostatic potential fluctuations by the methods of nonlinear dynamics. An important part of our research program has been the training of our graduate and undergraduate research assistants in state-of-the-art methods in the fields of high temperature plasma physics, plasma diagnostics, communications, and related areas.
REPORT NUMBER: AFOSR-TR-89-1226
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A212 122

Rotman, Stanley R. and Francis X. Hartmann. "Solid-State Laser Research Report: Energy Transfer in Non-Uniform Codoped Crystals." Final report. October 1986-October 1987. Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses, March 1988. 65p.
Abstract:We develop an analytical model describing energy transfer between microscopically correlated donor-acceptor pairs in solid-state laser materials. We re-examine experimental data for several laser systems; host properties promoting enhanced non-radiative energy transfer are discussed. The results of this more general model are compared to the standard Foerster-Dexter approach of randomly placed donors and acceptors. This work is of interest to controlling thermal gradients, achieving new laser frequencies, and improving laser efficiency.
REPORT NUMBER: IDA-M-405
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A194 358

Rule, D.W. "Beam-Density Effect on Energy Loss of a Relativistic Charged Particle Beam." Final report for FY83. Silver Spring, MD: Naval Surface Weapons Center, September 1983. 39p.
Abstract:Starting from the expression for the cooperative ionization energy loss by a pair of relativistic particles, a formula is derived for the beam-density effect on ionization energy loss for a finite length beam with a Gaussian radial profile. As an example, this formula is evaluated for a 50 MeV, 10 KA electron pulse of one-meter length interacting with weakly ionized nitrogen. In this case a large beam-density effect on energy loss was obtained and its dependence on the ionization state of the medium was demonstrated. The relationship of this formulation of energy loss with previous single-particle and beam-plasma loss concepts is discussed.
REPORT NUMBER: NSWC-TR-83-348
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A139 051

Russell, William C., Paul J. Ikeda and Robert G. Vos. "Methodology for Analysis and Simulation of Large Multidisciplinary Problems." Seattle, WA: Boeing Aerospace Co., 15 December 1989. 10p. In: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Inst. of Tech., Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Conference on Aerospace Computational Control, Volume 2, p. 538-547.
Abstract:The Integrated Structural Modeling (ISM) program is being developed for the Air Force Weapons Laboratory and will be available for Air Force work. Its goal is to provide a design, analysis, and simulation tool intended primarily for directed energy weapons (DEW), kinetic energy weapons (KEW), and surveillance applications. The code is designed to run on DEC (VMS and UNIX), IRIS, Alliant, and Cray hosts. Several technical disciplines are included in ISM, namely structures, controls, optics, thermal, and dynamics. Four topics from the broad ISM goal are discussed. The first is project configuration management and includes two major areas: the software and database arrangement and the system model control. The second is interdisciplinary data transfer and refers to exchange of data between various disciplines such as structures and thermal. Third is a discussion of the integration of component models into one system model, i.e., multiple discipline model synthesis. Last is a presentation of work on a distributed processing computing environment.
ACCESSION NUMBER: N90-230406

Sailor, W.C. and J. W. Davidson. "Radiological Shielding Calculations for an Airborne Free-Electron Laser." Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM. 1991. 6p. In: Meeting on New Horizons in Radiation Protection and Shielding, Pasco, WA, 26 April - 1 May 1992.
Abstract:A preliminary set of Monte Carlo calculations of the crew exposure for the proposed airborne free-electron laser have resulted in a lead shielding mass of approximately 6 metric tons. The laser is to be operated only for four training missions per crew per year, with two minutes of laser operation per mission. Beam loss into the cavity walls, the main cause of the crew exposure, is to be kept below 0.01%. The crew will receive about 2.7 R per year, mostly from bremsstrahlung. Neutron dose rates will be negligible by comparison.
REPORT NUMBER: LA-UR-91-4141, CONF-920431-6
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-92-004577

Salzmann, David and Irith Gilath. "Spallation and Dynamic Fracture as an Effect of Laser Induced Shock-Waves." Report no. 2. 2 September 1987 ? 2 January 1988. Israel Atomic Energy Commission, Yavne Soreq Nuclear Research Centre, 2 January 1988. 8p.
Abstract:The main activities during the last four months of this contract were devoted to a detailed design of the mainstream of the experiments and the purchase of carbon composites targets with appropriate specifications for these experiments. Some preliminary experiments were carried out on 3D C-C targets to get some initial quantitative information about the range of laser intensities required to cause damage to these targets.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A193 513

Sander, O.R. et al. "Commissioning the GTA Accelerator." Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM. 1992. 6p. In: International LINAC Conference (16th), Ottawa (Canada), 23-28 August 1992.
Abstract:The Ground Test Accelerator (GTA) is supported by the Strategic Defense command as part of their Neutral Particle Beam (NPB) program. Neutral particles have the advantage that in space they are unaffected by the earth's magnetic field and travel in straight lines unless they enter the earth's atmosphere and become charged by stripping. Heavy particles are difficult to stop and can probe the interior of space vehicles; hence, NPB can function as a discriminator between warheads and decoys. We are using GTA to resolve the physics and engineering issues related to accelerating, focusing, and steering a high-brightness, high-current H(sup -) beam and then neutralizing it. Our immediate goal is to produce a 24-MeV, 50mA device with a 2% duty factor.
REPORT NUMBER: LA-UR-92-2716, CONF-92081092-1
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-92-040234

Sanders, A.A. "Some Trends in Optical Electronic Metrology." Final Report. Boulder, CO: National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Electromagnetic Technology Division, 1984. 7p. In: Proceedings of the Measurement Science Conference (1984), Long Beach, California, January 19-20, 1984, p. 27-33.
Abstract:The use of optical related devices in high technology is expanding at a dramatic rate. Applications include the expanding use of optical fibers in telecommunications and sensors, lasers in industrial processing and medicine, optical storage devices, directed energy weapons for defensive purposes, non-destructive testing, etc. The Optical Electronics Metrology Group of the National Bureau of Standards has the responsibility for developing the standards, measurement data and methodology infrastructure for supporting much of this expanding technology. The paper reviews some of the ongoing research currently conducted by this group, and some of the perceived important technological applications in this area for the next few years. It discusses Group plans for developing the measurement infrastructure to support these innovations.
ACCESSION NUMBER: PB-8614030

Schmidt, H.J. , J.T. Lineberry and J.N. Chapman. "An Innovative Demonstration of High Power Density in a Compact MHD Generator." Tennessee University, Space Institute, June 1990. 120p.
Abstract:Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy conversion is a candidate technology for satisfying the pulse power requirements for advanced weapon and discrimination systems for the Strategic Defense Initiative. However, to be competitive with alternative pulse power concepts utilizing nuclear or stored energy schemes the characteristic power per unit weight and volume of the MHD system requires improvement in performance well beyond the levels demonstrated in the past. In this regard, there are two primary performance parameters of concern: the power density and the specific energy. The power density is the ratio of the electrical energy output to the internal volume of the generator channel. The MHD process is a volumetric process and the power density is therefore a direct measure of the compactness of the system. As such, it controls the size and weight of a MHD power generating system for a given power output. The greater the characteristic power density, the smaller and lighter the channel, magnet, combustor and flow train will be. The second parameter, the specific energy, is the ratio of the electrical energy output to consumable energy used for its production. In the case of a chemically driven MHD system, the specific energy is a direct measure of the conversion efficiency from the latent chemical energy to electrical energy. In pulse power MHD systems with short operating durations the specific energy is the controlling parameter for the weight and volume of the stored reactants used to power the system. The two parameters are conceptually interrelated, and for a given mission scenario maximization of both, in general, are required for optimization of the system. However, for short operating durations the power density is the dominant parameter; whereas, for long durations, the specific energy is the dominant parameter.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A338 594

"SDI: Strategic Defense Initiative. A Technical Progress Report." Washington, DC: Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, April 1987. 57p.
Abstract:Over the past 18 months, significant progress has been made toward establishing the basis for a decision to proceed with full-scale development and deployment of a defense against ballistic missiles. Continuing studies of defense architectural options have provided information on specific issue and technology trade-offs that are key to determining the feasibility of strategic defense concepts. Research in advanced signal processors and cryocooler technology needed to support the space operation of infrared sensor systems has progressed to the point where several technology integrated flight experiments are planned. Kinetic energy weapons technology for ground-launched, rocket-powered interceptors has been developed and is ready for validation testing. Directed energy weapons technologies are less mature than those involved in kinetic energy weapons.
ACCESSION NUMBER: PB-9117117

Seiler, Steven W. "Support to Survivability/Vulnerability Program." Final report. October 1991-June 1992. Albuquerque, NM: Logicon R and D Associates, April 1993. 18p.
Abstract:This report includes analytic discussion of use of company toroid as magnetized target for compression by solid liner implosion and reports on design and diagnostics for the Phillips Laboratory MARAUDER compact toroid program. Diagnostic work included fielding 20 to 30 magnetic probes with analog fiber optic links and fast photography. The latter required modifications to the MARAUDER triggering system. Design features of factor three conical compression hardware are discussed.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A275 568

"Selected Articles." National Air Intelligence Center, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. 20 September 1996. 16p. Translation of Zhongguo Hangtian (Aerospace China) (China) n.181, p. 37-40, May 1993.
Abstract:At the end of 1990, SDIO canceled comprehensive tests of large model land based free electron laser technologies and turned to the carrying out of average power laser experiments (APLE). The final APLE apparatus realizes electron beam powers of 2 megawatts. Laser average output powers are 100 kilowatts. Wave lengths are approximately 10 microns. APLE projects are jointly funded by the U.S. Army and SDIO. They are cooperatively carried out by the Boeing company and Los Alamos laboratory.
REPORT NUMBER: NAIC-ID (RS) T-0274-96
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A316 751

"Selected Articles." National Air Intelligence Center, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. 14 January 97. 81p. Translation of Proceedings of the Symposium on Photoelectric Technology (China) n. 9 p. 28-35, 107-18, 139-148, 256-265, 266-267. 1995 (CAMA, v. 3, no. 1, 1996).
Abstract:This report includes: (1) The Comparison of The Parallel Scanning And Serial Scanning Scheme of The Optical Mechanical Scanning Infrared Imaging System, (2) The Laser Weapon Development State in Foreign Countries, (3) Space Rendezvous and Docking Navigation Survey Sensor RVD Laser Radar Survey System, (4) Missile's Guidance Head Anti Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse Reinforcement, and (5) Land Based Guided Missile Anti Thermal Infrared Camouflage Net Research.
REPORT NUMBER: NAIC-ID (RS) T-0397-96
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A320 855

Sevat, P. "Design of a TEM Cell EMP Simulator." Report no. 1084. Ottawa (Ontario), Canada: Defence Research Establishment, June 1991. 115p.
Abstract:Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Simulators are designed to simulate the EMP generated by a nuclear weapon and, subsequently, are used to harden equipment against the effects of EMP. This report concerns the design of a small, symmetric, co-axial type of EMP Simulator intended primarily for R and D purposes such as; calibration of sensors, precision measurement, design and testing of transient suppression devices etc. A detailed design is given for a 50 Ohm and 100 Ohm Transverse Electromagnetic cell with a inner volume of l x w x h = 2m x 2m x 1m and a test volume of l x w x h = 2m x 0.3m x 0.4m. The pulse generator and terminating network are integrated into the TEM cell to form a completely shielded structure. In this way no interference from the inside of the cell to the outside, or vis versa, will occur.
REPORT NUMBER: DREO-1084
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A246 466

Sevat, P.P.A. "Design of a Bounded Wave EMP (Electromagnetic Pulse) Simulator (Intended as Second Stage Simulator for DREO (Defence Research Establishment Ottawa))." Report no. 1006. Ottawa (Ontario), Canada: Defence Research Establishment, June 1989. 106p.
Abstract:Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) simulators are used to simulate the EMP generated by a nuclear weapon and to harden equipment against the effects of EMP. At present, DREO has a 1 m EMP simulator for testing computer terminal size equipment. To develop the R&D capability for testing larger objects, such as a helicopter, a much bigger threat level facility is required. This report concerns the design of a bounded wave EMP simulator suitable for testing large size equipment. Different types of simulators are described and their pros and cons are discussed. A bounded wave parallel plate type simulator is chosen for its efficiency and the least environmental impact. Detailed designs are given for 6 m and 10 m parallel plate type wire grid simulators. Electromagnetics fields inside and outside the simulators are computed. Preliminary specifications for a pulse generator required for the simulator are also given. Finally, the electromagnetic fields radiated from the simulator are computed and discussed.
REPORT NUMBER: DREO-1006
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A214 137

Sharma, J. and B.C. Beard. "Effects of Particle Beams on Explosives." Silver Springs, MD: Naval Surface Warfare Center, December 1991. 25p.
Abstract:For application of particle beams as weapons, it is essential to know the consequences of beam-explosives interactions. In the present work, explosives have been subjected to particle beams of varied parameters below the level of ignition and the consequent chemical and physical changes have been determined. It has been found that in primary explosives (lead azide and lead styphnate) thermal ignition can be achieved regardless of confinement. However, in the case of high explosives such as TNT, HMX, and TATB, confinement is required for thermal ignition. Without confinement other changes such as crystal phase transitions, melt-flow, evaporation, spallation, pyrolysis, fragmentation and chemical decomposition occur. These phenomena could conceivably disable a warhead indirectly by adversely effecting the performance of its explosives.
REPORT NUMBER: NAVSWC-TR-91-682
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A256 878

Shelton, F. H. "Satellite System Survivability." Colorado Springs, CO: Kaman Sciences Corp., 1983. 3 p. From 'AF Academy Proceedings of the 1983 Symposium on Military Space Communications and Operations. USAF Academy, Colorado on 2-4 August 1983, p. 29-31.
Abstract:Present U.S. military capability relies heavily on Earth satellites to maintain connectivity. The essential nature of these satellite systems has made them tempting targets to nuclear attack in wartime. The author reviews U.S. history in high-altitude nuclear device testing and nuclear effects testing on satellites, events in which he directly participated. Physics of the production of nuclear enhanced high-altitude electron belts are reviewed. The author discusses primary effects of the enhanced environment on satellite components. A glimpse into future satellite hardening reveals measures against developing directed energy weapons.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A135 021

Shokair, I.R. "Bolt Beam Propagation Analysis." Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Labs., 1991. 6p. In: Charged Particle Beam Conference, Silver Springs, MD, 25-27 June 1991.
Abstract:BOLT (Beam on Laser Technology) is a rocket experiment to demonstrate electron beam propagation on a laser ionized plasma channel across the geomagnetic field in the ion focused regime (IFR). The beam parameters for BOLT are: beam current I(sub b) = 100 Amps, beam energy of 1--1.5 MeV ((gamma)=3--4), and a Gaussian beam and channel of radii r(sub b) = r(sub c) = 1.5 cm. the N+1 ionization scheme is used to ionize atomic oxygen in the upper atmosphere. This scheme utilizes 130 nm light plus three IR lasers to excite and then ionize atomic oxygen. The limiting factor for the channel strength is the energy of the 130 nm laser, which is assumed to be 1.6 mJ for BOLT. At a fixed laser energy and altitude (fixing the density of atomic oxygen), the range can be varied by adjusting the laser tuning, resulting in a neutralization fraction axial profile of the form: f(z) = f(sub 0) e(sup (minus)z)/R, where R is the range. In this paper we consider the propagation of the BOLT beam and calculate the range of the electron beam taking into account for fact that the erosion rates (magnetic and inductive) vary with beam length as the beam and channel dynamically respond to sausage and hose instabilities.
REPORT NUMBER: SAND-91-2631C, CONF-9106276-5
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-92-005317

Silk, J.K. "A Program to Study the Detection of Target Hits by Directed Energy Weapons." Arlington, VA: American Science and Engineering, Inc., March 1982. 47p.
Abstract:This is the final report on a study of the detection, using X-ray emission signatures, of target hits by neutral particle beam directed energy weapons. We find that the energy deposition needed for a detectable signature is a small fraction of that required for lethality. This result causes optimism about the feasibility of X-ray hit detection. Two potential obstacles up to detection were considered: the naturally occurring background and absorption by the residual atmosphere. Spectral discrimination can solve the background problem. The emitted spectrum contains characteristic X-rays, especially K-lines. For metallic targets, the background is small at the characteristic wavelength. The background contribution can be suppressed by narrowing the bandpass. Absorption by the residual atmosphere is negligible above 200 km altitude. At lower altitudes, attenuation is unimportant for nickel or steel targets, but significant for materials with longer wavelength K-lines. The ranges of beam/detector parameter values over which detection is possible are presented. The next steps should be implementation studies. Large area detectors with spectral discrimination are needed. Collecting optics using synthetic multilayer structures are a promising approach.
REPORT NUMBER: AFOSR-82-0571-TR
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A117 711

Slinker, S.P., R.F. Hubbard and G. Joyce. "Plasma Physics, and Transportation and Use of Positively Charged Particle Beams." Patent Application. Washington, DC: Department of the Navy, Filed 13 December 1991. 17p.
Abstract:The invention pertains to plasma physics, and in particular to and transportation and use of positively charged particle beams. Particle beams of positively charged atoms have potentially a number of useful applications, among which are thin film deposition, semiconductor doping, use as a general laboratory tool, a source of pulsed neutrons (i.e. by impacting a suitable target), shock hardening of materials, advanced military weaponry, and, most interestingly, as the trigger in a nuclear fusion reactor. Unfortunately, a number of these applications require that after the beams are created in particle accelerators, they must travel a considerable distance to their targets.
PAT-APPL-78-01248

Smith, A.C. "Intense Electron Beams for Directed Energy Weapons Research." Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, January 1985. 9p.
Abstract:This report is the script for the film "Intense Electron Beams for Directed Energy Weapons Research."
REPORT NUMBER: UCID-20348
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-86-002858

Smith, Richard C. et al. "Precision Pointing Experiment." Final report. 23 February 1989-30 September 1994. Albuquerque, NM: Lockheed Missiles and Space Co. Inc., October 1994. 193p.
Abstract:The objective of the Spice Program was to demonstrate improvement in precision pointing, tracking, and retargeting by integration of active isolation, active and passive structural control, advanced materials, active optics, and adaptive control. Experiments were carried out on a full-size and well- characterized precision test-bed that represented a space laser structure. in the Precision Pointing Experiment, an active control system that combined low authority local rate feedback and high authority global control was designed with the goal of achieving 50:1 attenuation of line-of-sight jitter in the 5- to 500-Hz band. The jitter was due to disturbances input at the base of the structure and at the simulated secondary mirror. A custom suite of optical sensors allowed determination of the line of sight of the structure. Proof mass actuators of unprecedented force and linearity were developed during this and preceding subtasks. A series of tests culminated with the attainment of repeatable attenuation of line-of-sight jitter by 75:1 in the band 5 to 500 Hz with little spillover into unmodeled structural modes or unregulated degrees of freedom. The control system proved to be robust, with gain margin greater than 1.75 demonstrated. Comparison of measure transfer functions with those calculated from the structural model used in the control system design showed that high controller performance does not require unreasonable structural model accuracy.
REPORT NUMBER: PL-TR-94-1014
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A291 015

Smith, R. H. "Concepts for LHX (Light Highly Capable Aircraft) Avionics." Fort Rucker, AL: Army Aviation Center, November 1982. 5p. In: Proceedings Papers of the AFSC (Air Force Systems Command) Avionics Standardization Conference (2nd) Held at Dayton, Ohio on 30 November-2 December 1982. Volume 2, p. 815-819. [N84-31165]
Abstract:LHX is the acronym for a family of light, highly capable aircraft intended for operational use in the airland battle well beyond the year 2000. They will be capable of operation in a wide variety of adverse environments on a very hostile battlefield (lasers and other directed energy weapons will be commonplace). Accordingly, the conceptual designs being considered are very different from today's helicopters (fig. 1). One major thrust is toward automation of crew duties, with a goal of achieving single pilot operation.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A142 777

Sovinec, C.R. and R.E. Peterkin, Jr. "Phase 1B MARAUDER Computer Simulations-Formation of Plasma Torus." Weapons Lab., Kirkland AFB, NM: Weapons Laboratory, 1990. In: Conference Record - Abstracts. 1990 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Oakland, CA, 21-23 May 1990. p. 167-168.
Abstract:Summary form only given. The MARAUDER (magnetically accelerated rings to achieve ultrahigh directed energy and radiation) program at the US Air Force Weapons Laboratory is a study of magnetically confined plasma toroids that will convert stored electrostatic energy into plasma kinetic energy. The first phase of the experimentation only forms the toroids and does not attempt to compress and accelerate them. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations have been performed with the 2-1/2 dimensional code MACH2 in support of this phase. The simulations demonstrate the formation of the torus, including reconnection of the poloidal magnetic field components. Number densities in the toroids are on the order of 10/sup 16/ per cm/sup 3/, and the magnetic induction is on the order of 1 T. A series of calculations shows that only a limited range of discharge energy will produce toroids. Too little energy will not push the plasma through the initial, injected poloidal field; too much will not allow a good reconnection.

Standler, R.B. "Technology of Fast Spark Gaps." Final report. October 1987-July 1988. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Communications and Space Sciences Laboratory, September 1989. 45p.
Abstract:To protect electronic systems from the effects of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) form nuclear weapons and high-power microwave (HPM) weapons, it is desirable to have fast responding protection components. The gas-filled spark gap appears to be an attractive protection component, except that it can be slow to conduct under certain conditions. This report reviews the literature and presents ideas for construction of a spark gap that will conduct in less than one nanosecond. The key concept to making a fast-responding spark gap is to produce a large number of free electrons quickly. Seven different mechanisms for production of free electrons are reviewed, and several that are relevant to miniature spark gaps for protective applications are discussed in detail. These mechanisms include: inclusion of radioactive materials, photoelectric effect, secondary electrode emission from the anode, and field emission from the cathode.
ACCESSION NUMBER:AD-A214 199

"STAR 21, Technology Forecast Assessments. Strategic Technologies for the Army of the Twenty-First Century." Washington, DC: National Research Council, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems. 1993. 700p.
Abstract:The Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research, Development and Acquisition (ASA(RDA)) wrote to the Chairman of the Board on Army Science and Technology in March 1988 to request a study under the auspices of the National Research Council. The study's goal would be to assist the Army in improving its ability to incorporate advanced technologies into its weapons, equipment, and doctrine. The time period to be addressed by the study was specified to extend at least 30 years into the future. The three study objectives stated in the request were to (1) identify the advanced technologies most likely to be important to ground warfare in the next century, (2) suggest strategies for developing the full potential of these technologies, and (3) project implications of the technology changes for force structure and strategy. The ASA(RDA) expressed the belief that the expert, independent advice provided by such a study would help the Army in selecting those strategic technologies that offer the greatest opportunity for increasing the effectiveness of forces in the field. The study would also assist the Army in designing current research and development (R and D) strategies to ensure that such advanced technologies do become available for future Army applications.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A275 968

Steffan, C.P. "Fabrication of an Explosive Driven Linear Magnetic Flux Generator." Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, July 1989. 11p. In: American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Symposium, Las Vegas, NV, October 1989.
Abstract:Lightweight, high power electrical generators are required for aerospace and defense applications. Single use, linear designs offer high current output from a small package. Electrical current magnifications of the order of 100 to 200 times are expected to be achieved, with higher efficiencies on the horizon. A method of fabricating one of these units, which includes electroforming copper on a precision machined, composite aluminum/epoxy mandrel is described.
REPORT NUMBER: UCRL-101633, CONF-8910296-2
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-90-002994

Stellingwerf, Robert F, Robert E. Peterkin, Jr., and Donald J. Sullivan. "Beam and Plasma Physics Research." Final Report. August 1986 - March 1990. Albuquerque, NM: Mission Research Corp., June 1990. 125p.
Abstract:Analysis was performed in high power microwave computations and theory and high energy plasma computations and theory. The HPM computations concentrated on generation, sources and propagation. Major codes used were the particle-in-cell codes SOS and ISIS. Topics studied were sources and antennas, propagation, relativistic klystron amplifiers, virtual cathode oscillators, magnetically insulated transmission lines, transvertrons and vircator phase/frequency locking. High energy plasmas were analyzed with MACH2, an implicit continuous Eulerian, arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian nonideal magnetohydrodynamic code. MACH2 modeled a variety of high energy plasmas including plasma flow switches, imploding liners and plasmas, compact toroids, magnetic reconnection and plasma guns. A smooth particle hydrodynamics code was developed to model various conditions, including shock heating, explosions and implosions. An optical multichannel analyzer was also provided to analyze plasma emission line spectra.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A224 452

Steverding, B. and J.S. Browning. "Significance of Single Particle Effects in Neutral Beam Weapon Lethality." Washington, DC: Defense Nuclear Agency, 1985. 2p. In: Heart Conference, Monterey, CA, 25 July 1985.
Abstract:This paper provides a rationale for assessing the response of microelectronics to single event effects caused by directed energy weapons utilizing beams of neutral particles. The current understanding of single particle vulnerabilities is summarized, and an extrapolation of these vulnerabilities outside of the experimental domain is presented.
REPORT NUMBER: SAND-85-1139C, CONF-850756-2
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-85-012031

Strakovskiy, Leonid et al. "Laser Ignition of Propellants and Explosives." Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Army Research Laboratory, June 1998. 81p.
Abstract:Laser and radiative ignition of 24 solid propellants and explosives was analyzed. The effect of ignition criterion used to calculate ignition delays from models was evaluated. Values for the optical parameters reflection, R(lambda) and absorption, k(lambda) coefficients at wavelengths 0.36-1, 1.06 and 10.6 microns were summarized. Effects of in-depth absorption and vaporization were considered. Methods for determining the relation of ignition delays for conductive heating (R(lambda) = 1, k(lambda) = infinity) and radiative heating at various wavelengths were developed. Methods for deriving kinetic parameters for the ignition and vaporization mechanisms were developed. Changes in the ignition mechanism at high radiative power/flux are discussed. A summary of the minimum flux levels needed for ignition and the Arrhenius kinetic parameters determined from ignition delay measurements with several energetic materials is presented.
REPORT NUMBER: ARL-TR-1699
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A348 616

"Strategic Defense Initiative Organization Data Center Overview." Arlington, VA: Photon Research Associates, Inc., January 25, 1991. 25p.
Abstract:The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) program experiments generate significant quantities of science and engineering data. To protect the large investment made in collecting the resulting test and measurement data SDIO has established data centers to manage the storage, access, and distribution of this information. These data centers provide experimenters, developers, scientists, and analysts access to databases of reduced, verified and validated experiment data at institutions with the expertise to support their data requirements. The SDIO science and technology data centers (STDC's) are located at existing DoD centers of expertise relating to science phenomenology and technology. Three phenomenology data centers handle information such as earth and space backgrounds, missile plume signatures, and reentry vehicle information. Two engineering and technology data centers manage information about kinetic energy weapons and directed energy weapons. A sixth data center, the National Test Facility (NTF), serves as a coordinating data center for technical issues and is the center of the National Test Bed (NTB). To assure that the data centers adequately serve the needs of the SDIO community, the User Products Information Group (UPIG) coordinates activities among the data centers and the Data Center Standards Committee (DCSC).
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A338 091

Strickland, Brian et al. "Free Electron Laser Technology Status in the United States." Summary Report 1979-1995. Huntsville, AL: Army Space and Strategic Defense Command, 25 October 1995. 20p.
Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the Free Electron Laser weapons development program from its beginnings in 1979 to the present. A historical overview of the programmatics will be provided but the primary emphasis will be the technical accomplishments made during this period.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A301 128

"Survivability and Effectiveness of Near-Term Strategic Defense." Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM. January 1990. 23p.
Abstract:This paper examines the survivability and effectiveness of space-based defensive missiles --- a rapidly evolving technology --- on a quantified basis. The effectiveness and costs of attack and defense are estimated and cost-exchange ratios are calculated in differing configurations. Various moves and countermoves are compared. Low-weight, self-reliant defensive missiles are found to be most effective. The advantages of the development of decoys for defensive missiles and of a small pilot deployment are discussed.
REPORT NUMBER: LA-11345-MS
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-90-005805

"Survivability Enhancement Study for C Sup 3 I/BM (Communications, Command, Control and Intelligence/Battle Management) Ground Segments." Final Report. Germantown, MD: Fairchild Space Co., 30 October 1986. 181p.
Abstract:This study involves a concept developed by the Fairchild Space Company which is directly applicable to the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Program as well as other national security programs requiring reliable, secure and survivable telecommunications systems. The overall objective of this study program was to determine the feasibility of combining and integrating long-lived, compact, autonomous isotope power sources with fiber optic and other types of ground segments of the SDI communications, command, control and intelligence/battle management (C sup 3 I/BM) system in order to significantly enhance the survivability of those critical systems, especially against the potential threats of electromagnetic pulse(s) (EMP) resulting from high altitude nuclear weapon explosion(s).
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-88-011554

Swallom, Daniel W. "Nuclear Reactor Magnetohydrodynamic Power Generator for Directed Energy Weapons." Avco-Everett Research Laboratory, January 1987. 4p. In: New Mexico University Transactions of the Fourth symposium on Space Nuclear Power systems, p. 351-354. [N88-24254]
Abstract:The SDI electrical power requirements for directed energy weapons (DEW) may range from tens of megawatts to over hundreds of megawatts. For this application, where the power requirement is continuous for a period to time ranging from tens to hundreds or thousands of seconds, nuclear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation provides an attractive method for producing the required power levels. The MHD power system offers the advantages of simplicity of operation because of no moving or rotational parts; no upper limit on gas inlet temperature, which is a restriction in the case of rotating machinery; an upper limit on current output, which prevents the output current from exceeding twice the nominal current; and favorable scaling to larger since systems.
ACCESSION NUMBER: N88-24336

Swenson, D.A. "RFQ Lens for LEBT Applications." Albuquerque, NM: Science Applications International Corp., 31 August 1990. 62p.
Abstract:The U.S. Army Strategic Defense Command (USASDC) solicited proposals for new and innovative particle beam technologies which are relevant to the Neutral Particle Beam (NPB) Program. Since high brightness beams are required for NPB and beam emittance, in large part, is determined by the ion source and low energy matching section, innovations to improve the quality or efficiency of the low energy beam transport (LEBT) are important. Some preliminary studies on radio frequency quadruple (RFQ) lenses indicated that such lenses could be developed with improved capabilities for preparing ion beams for injection into RFQ linacs. These improved capabilities derive from the fact that the focusing effect is inversely proportional to the square of the frequency so stronger focusing can be achieved if the frequency in the RFQ lens is less than that of the RFQ linac. The goal of this project is to design, build, and test an RFQ lens that demonstrates the possibility of decoupling the phase and frequency of the RFQ lens from that of the RFQ linac into which it is focusing ions. The design of the lens was based on two-dimensional beam dynamics and RF cavity geometry analyses performed with the TRACE and SUPERFISH codes, respectively. The lens was then fabricated by a combination of SAIC and subcontracted machine shops. After fabrication, the lens was assembled for verification of resonant frequency, mode separation, tuning, and power conditioning, prior to beam tests.
REPORT NUMBER: SAIC-90/1322
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A227 606

Symon, K. "More Thoughts on the Aladdin Experiments - Experiment Set 2." Argonne National Laboratory, IL. October 1988. 18p.
Abstract:It turns out that the theorem of corresponding motions is true only if we restrict the equations of motion to linear and sextuple terms. It is not necessary to work in a regime where the theorem holds, but it has two big advantages. It allows an easy check (see if the theorem holds) on whether there are important terms we are not keeping in the analysis. It also means we can survey the entire neighborhood of the resonance intersection by surveying a semicircle around the intersection. I will assume that we choose the intersection V(sub x) = 7 1/6, V(sub z) = 7 1/3 as suggested in Ref. 1, and that we maintain the validity of the theorem of corresponding motions.
REPORTNUMBER: LS-107-RE (ANL)
ACCESSION NUMBER:DE-96-015130