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Directed Energy Weapons: A Bibliography
Although there are a number of very relevant reports issued with distribution limitations (e.g. FOUO or DOD only) due to the
public nature of this bibliography, this section includes unclassified/unlimited distribution references only. Abstracts were
taken from various databases and were written by the authors of the documents cited or by the abstracting service from which
the citations were generated not by the author of this bibliography.
Okolie, C.C. "Legal Requirements for the World's Protection of Outer Space and Earth Environments Within the Perspective of
Directed Energy Weapons." In: Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 25th, Paris, France, September 27," October 2, 1982. New York, NY: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1983, p.
25-35.
Abstract:Space law considerations of directed energy weapons are discussed. The possibility of such weapons being deployed is examined
in terms of international treaties and the capabilities of the superpowers and their ongoing programs in the area. A new international
treaty to be submitted to the United Nations is proposed for the protection of the earth and outer space environments and
for banning the development and testing of directed energy weapons in outer space. Loopholes in existing treaties are identified.
The role of the third world in promoting reciprocity between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. is addressed. A U.S. case law which
may be applicable to the issue is discussed.
REPORT NUMBER: IAF Paper 82-IISL-08
"Opto-Mechanical Design and Fabrication Services." Final report. Progress Report. Los Alamos, NM: Optomec Design Co., Los
Alamos National Laboratory, NM, 28 February 1988. 7p.
Abstract:Each of the seven tasks defined under this contract are discussed here. They include: (1) design support for an x-ray spectrometer
for the ''Panchuela'' down-hole experiment at the Nevada Test Site; (2) development and demonstration of an optical alignment
method for aligning the 180 degree bend achromatic magnetic section of the Ground Test Accelerator; (3) development of magnet
support and manipulation concepts for the 17 magnets of the Ground Test Accelerator; (4) design support for the triplett magnet
telescope assembly and its support structure (Neutral Particle Beam Program); (5) design and support for the beam diagnostic
system for the Argonne Particle Beam experiment; (6) conceptual design for the modification of an Antares Marx tank for use
in the Aurora Laser Program; and (7) design of poloidal gap for the Los Alamos ZTH reversed-field pinch machine.
REPORT NUMBER: LA-SUB-93-143
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-96-000173
"Opto-Mechanical Support Services." Final report. Progress Report. Los Alamos, NM: Optomec Design Co., Los Alamos National
Laboratory, NM, 11 June 1990. 3p.
Abstract:This subcontract was for Optomec'c support of the Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL's) Group MEE-12 in the technical
specialty area of opto-mechanical design, engineering and fabrication. Two individual tasks were defined by MEE-12 and completed
by Optomec personnel. Edward J. Yavornik acted as Principal Investigator on the Wire and Fluorescent Fiber Offset Grid (WAFFOG)
for the Neutral Particle Beam (NPB) GTA (Ground Test Accelerator) Experiment, and Thomas Swann acted as Principal Investigator
on the ESS-7 Photometers Project. Some hardware was procured/fabricated for the ESS-7 Photometer task, however, most of the
work consisted of design and engineering support resulting in drawings and specifications which were prepared by MEE-12 personnel.
There were no technical papers or patents generated by Optomec personnel as a result of this work, and all work defined in
the contract was completed.
REPORT NUMBER: LA-SUB-93-156
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-96-000174
Orr, J.S., H. Gordon and H. Orr. "Vanadium Dioxide Protective Devices." Final technical report. Dunfermline (Scotland): OCLI/Optical
Coatings Ltd., June 1989. 33p.
Abstract:This development contract has been carried out in order to answer the increasing requirement for protection of sensitive infrared
detectors from pulsed laser radiation in the military environment. It has been the concern of this project to develop a protective
device for use in the 8-12 micron wavelength region. The approach in this case has been to exploit the well established optical
properties of vanadium dioxide thin films in the infrared. This report presents in detail the equipment and methods used to
obtain thin films of vanadium dioxide for incorporation in protective devices. A significant development effort has been directed
at the inclusion of switching films in antireflection coatings for the 8-12 micron band. The subject of this contract was
the development of vanadium dioxide optical switches. The aim was to further develop the reactive sputtering process for deposition
of vanadium dioxide. Vanadium dioxide can now be deposited on germanium as well as silicon and has been fully characterized.
The process stability, repeatability and the quality of the vanadium dioxide has been significantly improved. In particular
the optical scatter has been reduced and the dynamic range has been increased. Devices incorporating vanadium dioxide have
been manufactured to the required specification and indications are that the devices should fulfill their intended purpose.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A212 018
Osgood, Richard M., Jr. "The Interaction of UV-Laser Radiation With Metal and S?miconductor Surfaces." Final Report. 15 January
1989 - 14 January 1992. Columbia University, NY: Microelectronics Science Laboratory, 26 May 1992. 80p.
Abstract:This report describes progress in a program to understand the fundamentals of UV laser interactions with solid surfaces. In
the first, using the previously developed optical probes, we have made the first measurements of the surface photo- dissociation
cross section, its yield, its wavelength dependence, and its dependence on surface conditions for two important metal- alkyl
precursors. Second, we have successfully initiated a substantial new program in UV-laser photoemission for surface probing.
This work has included establishing a new, tunable two-photon photoemission apparatus including UHV chamber with an electron
detection system, demonstration of a new technique to probe buried interfaces, the use of high-resolution, two-photon spectroscopy
to probe surface-condition-dependent changes via image states, and the observation of space-charge-limited effects on surface
photoionization spectroscopy.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A253 510
O'Shea, P.G. "Linear Accelerator in the Space: The Beam Experiment Aboard Rocket." Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM. 1990.
14p. In: Linear Accelerator Conference, Albuquerque, NM, 9-14 September 1990.
Abstract:On July 13, 1989 the BEAM experiment Aboard Rocket (BEAR) linear accelerator was successfully launched and operated in space.
The flight demonstrated that a neutral hydrogen beam could be successfully propagated in an exoatmospheric environment. The
accelerator, which was the result of an extensive collaboration between Los Alamos National Laboratory and industrial partners,
was designed to produce a 10 mA (equivalent), 1 MeV neutral hydrogen beam in 50 (mu)s pulses at 5 Hz. The major components
were a 30 keV H(sup (minus)) injector a 1 MeV radio frequency quadrupole, two 425 Mhz RF amplifiers, a gas cell neutralizer,
beam optics, vacuum system and controls. The design was strongly constrained by the need for a lightweight rugged system that
would survive the rigors of launch and operate autonomously. Following the flight the accelerator was recovered and operated
again on the laboratory.
REPORT NUMBER: LA-UR-90-3441, CONF-90091234-6
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-91-002347
Ottey, H. Ralph, Michael T. and Fred S. Zusman. "Strategic Defense Initiative Boost Phase Defense Simulator (SDISIM)." In:
1986 Summer Computer Simulation Conference, Reno, NV, July 28-30, 1986. San Diego, CA: Society for Computer Simulation, 1986,
p. 1022-1028.
Abstract:The structure and operation of the SDI simulator are examined. The simulator is a detailed simulation of the boost phase defense
used to evaluate SDI architecture and doctrines against ICBMs. The simulation includes satellite-based passive and active
sensors, hard-body trackers and illuminators, directed energy weapons, semiactive homing kinetic energy weapons, and battle
management architecture. The functions of the input processing, satellite orbit/ICBM trajectory initialization, battle simulation,
and statistical postprocessing programs are described. Consideration is given to battle management decision processes, engineering,
physical, and mathematical models included in the simulator, and model inputs and outputs.
Otto, J. and W.B. Matkin. "AMC-SWMO Countermeasures Study." Volume 4. Guide to Army Smart Weapon Testing Issues. Final technical
report. 29 September 1991-15 June 1992. Chicago, IL: Tactical Weapon Guidance and Control Information and Analysis Center,
June 1992. 106p.See also Volume 1, AD-A263 833.
Abstract:This Guide to Army Smart Weapon Testing Issues is a primer intended primarily for the developmental engineers in the smart
weapon program management offices who are responsible for organizing smart weapon development tests. Much of the information
in this guide is also?relevant to the ground vehicle developer. The document examines a number of issues, suggestions, and
general principles relevant to smart weapons. The information contained is based primarily on numerous interviews with experienced
Army smart weapon testers.
REPORT NUMBER: AMSMICR-SW-92-09
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A265 786
"Overview of Defense Applications of ICF (Inertial Confinement Fusion)." Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
15 August 1989. 9p.
Abstract:The objective of the Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Program is to demonstrate a significant fusion capability in the laboratory.
The applications of ICF are broad and numerous, ranging from basic and applied science to weapons physics and weapons effects
to energy production and eventually space power and propulsion. This paper is limited to a brief summary of the applications
of ICF to defense programs, and in particular, the nuclear weapons R & D and technology base. While relevant weapons physics
experiments are currently conducted using the Nova laser, the ultimate contribution of ICF in this area will be a Laboratory
Microfusion Facility (LMF) in which fusion yields of 100 to 1000 MJ, provided in a single experimental shot, can be used to
attain the near-term applications.
REPORT NUMBER: UCID-21837
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-90-005745
Pace VanDevender, J. "Pulsed Power, ICF, and SDI." Albuquerque, NM: Pulsed Power Science, Sandia National Labs., 1985. In:
Proceedings of the Symposium on Lasers and Particle Beams for Fusion and Strategic Defense, Rochester, NY, 18-19 April 1985
p. 57-72. Fusion Power Associates; Gaithersburg, MD, 1985.
Abstract:Pulsed power technology has been developed over many years for nuclear weapon effects simulation, inertial fusion, and directed
energy. Every four years there is a factor of ten increase in power available, and one is now near the 100 TW, couple of million
joule mark. A million joules (MJ) is the energy required to kill a booster and 100 TW is sufficient for studying physics relevant
to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) or the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). The applications of this technology are many.
Pulsed power should be viewed as a basic technology for making electron beams, X-rays, and ion beams. Applications include
ICF, plasmoid directed energy weapons, X-ray lasers, electron beams as directed energy weapons, and microwave weapons.
Parazzoli, C.G. et al. "Stimulated Rotational Raman Scattering." Final Report. September 1, 1986-March 31, 1989. El Segundo,
CA: Hughes Aircraft Co., Electro-Optical and Data Systems Group, 31 March 1989. 230p.
Abstract:The document summarizes the work performed on DOE Contract Number AC03-86SF16495 by the Electro-Optics And Data Systems Group
of Hughes Aircraft Company. The goal of this Stimulated Rotational Raman Scattering (SRRS) processes on high energy laser
directed energy weapon systems. The program had three main objectives; achieving an accurate description of the physical processes
involved in SRRS; developing a numerical algorithm to confidently evaluate SRRS-induced losses in the propagation of high
energy laser beams in the uplink and downlink segments of the optical trains of various strategic defense system scenarios;
and discovering possible methods to eliminate, or at least reduce, the deleterious effects of SRRS on the energy deposition
on target. This document describes the accomplishments of the DOE program and is divided into the following sections: The
first section discusses the motivation for the accomplishments of the DOE program; then discussed is the Semiclassical Theory
Of Non-Resonant SRRS For Diatomic Homonuclear Molecules; and then the following appendices; Calculation of the Dipole Transition
Reduced Matrix Element, Guided Tour of Hughes SRRS Code, Running the Hughes SRRS Code, and Hughes SRRS Code Listing.
REPORT NUMBER: DOE/SF-?6495/T2
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-89-016427
Peigen, Yang. "Development of Tactical Laser Weapons." Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: National Air Intelligence Center, April 1996.
16p. Translation of Jiguang Jishu (Laser Technology) (China), June 1991, v. 15, n. 3, p. 175-179.
Abstract:Recent developments of tactical laser weapons are reviewed in detail.
REPORT NUMBER: NAIC-ID (RS) T-0142-96
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A309 758
Penatzer, Jeffery L. "Enhancement of Multiple Target Track Simulation." Final technical report. May 1989-April 1990. Rome,
NY: Analytical Systems Engineering Corp., August 1992. 37p.
Abstract:The Enhancement of Multiple Target Track Simulation task had as its primary objective the development of an integrated simulation
of Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Acquisition, Tracking, Pointing, and Fire Control (ATP-FC) functions from previously
developed simulations of a subset of the individual functions which would be required for a complete end-to-end simulation
of a space-based Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) platform. The functions integrated were the Target Detection, Multiple Target
Tracking (MTT), and Target Sequencing functions. Additionally, the Plume-to-Hardbody Handover function was partially integrated.
The task consisted of the following subtasks: (1) Incorporation of previously developed target sequencing algorithms (Nearest
Neighbor and Farthest Insertion) into a previously existing MTT simulation, (2) Investigation and incorporation of an improved
target detection algorithm to replace the target detection algorithm that was included with the original previously existing
MTT simulation, and (3) Incorporation of previously developed Plume-to-Hardbody handover algorithms into the combined MTT
and target sequencing simulation. This report summarizes the work performed in accomplishing these three subtasks.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A257 224
Penrod, Shawn L. "An Endo-Atmospheric Hypervelocity Intercept System." Final report. 1977-1988. Annapolis, MD: Naval Academy,
10 June 1988. 117p.
Abstract:This study examines the feasibility and practicality of using clouds of hypervelocity pellets to intercept and disable a generic
air target. The Directed Energy Projectile Warhead which accelerates these pellets, uses an unconventional design to attain
speeds an order of magnitude above those of conventional high explosive warheads. The DEPW is fitted to a conventional intercept
missile to put the target in effective range of the warhead, which then detonates, and launches the pellets very much like
a hypervelocity shotgun. An extensive three-dimensional computer simulation was developed using ACSL(Advanced Computer Simulation
Language) and FORTRAN. The program models the terminal homing phase of a missile intercept to evaluate the effectiveness of
different guidance laws used to align the warhead with the projected intercept point. After a favorable geometry has been
achieved, the warhead is detonated and the lethality of impact between the target and hypervelocity pellet cloud is evaluated.
Overall effectiveness of this system is shown to depend on the pointing accuracy of the warhead and the firing range. No insurmountable
obstacles are foreseen in developing a suitable guidance and aiming algorithm. A valuable tool to evaluate design options
has also been developed.
REPORT NUMBER: USNA-TSPR-153
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A200 403
Perez, C.L. and J.O. Johnson. "Vulnerability Assessment of a Space Based Weapon Platform Electronic System Exposed to a Thermonuclear
Weapon Detonation." Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN. 1994. 9p. In: International Conference on Radiation Shielding (8th),
Arlington, TX, 24-27 April 1994.
Abstract:Rapidly changing world events, the increased number of nations with inter-continental ballistic missile capability, and the
proliferation of nuclear weapon ?echnology will increase the number of nuclear threats facing the world today. Monitoring
these nation's activities and providing an early warning and/or intercept system via reconnaissance and surveillance satellites
and space based weapon platforms is a viable deterrent against a surprise nuclear attack. However, the deployment of satellite
and weapon platform assets in space will subject the sensitive electronic equipment to a variety of natural and man-made radiation
environments. These include Van Allen Belt protons and electrons; galactic and solar flare protons; and, neutrons, gamma rays,
and X-rays from intentionally detonated fission and fusion weapons. In this paper, the MASH vl.0 code system is used to estimate
the dose to the critical electronics components of an idealized space based weapon platform from neutron and gamma-ray radiation
emitted from a thermonuclear weapon detonation in space. Fluence and dose assessments were performed for the platform fully
loaded, and in several stages representing limited engagement scenarios. The results indicate vulnerabilities to the Command,
Control, and Communication (C) bay instruments from radiation damage for a nuclear weapon detonation for certain source/platform
orientations. The distance at which damage occurs will depend on the weapon yield (n,(gamma)/kiloton) and size (kilotons).
REPORT NUMBER: CONF-940424-16
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-94-007229
Perram, Glen P. "Visible Chemical Lasers." In: Lasers '89; Proceedings of the International Conference, New Orleans, LA, December
3-8, 1989. McLean, VA: STS Press, 1990, p. ??
Abstract:Applications for visible chemical lasers, which show great potential as highly efficient, wavelength agile, deployable, high
brightness laser systems are discussed. These systems provide important and unique opportunities for both directed energy
weapons and diagnostic applications. Issues discussed in this paper include concepts, requirements and approaches to visible
chemical lasers. A survey of candidate energy transfer system is also given, with emphasis on excited NF and nitrogen driven
lasers. The long term, low level investment in this technology area during the past decade firmly establishes the opportunity
for a lasting demonstration in the near term.
"Perspectives on the American Physical Society Directed Energy Report." Washington, DC: Strategic Defense Initiative Organization,
May 1987. 48p.
Abstract:The American Physical Society (APS) report on the Science and Technology of Directed Energy Weapons has prompted considerable
public comment. In order to provide a brief summary of the report contents and the general conclusions which it has generated,
as well as to indicate the range of positive and negative criticism which has resulted, the material contained herein has
been assembled. Preceding a number of short extractions from various sources is a one-page description of positions which
have been taken on different aspects of the report, including some SDIO perspectives. A listing of the selected material is
also provided. This office fully supports informed, vigorous debate on the utility of, as well as the status and development
timetable for, directed energy weapons. It is hoped that the attached information can be used as a starting point for further
discussions, both classified and unclassified.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A345 227
Pettersson, Goran S. "Illustrated Overview of ESM and ECM Systems." Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, September 1993.
134p.
Abstract:This thesis gives an overview of electronic support measures (ESM) and electronic countermeasures (ECM) systems. The objective
is to give the intended reader, students of the EW curriculum new to the subject, an introduction to several different electronic
warfare systems. The thesis consists of seven chapters discussing different areas of EW. The first two chapters introduce
the reader ?o the definitions of EW and the threat which EW equipment is designed to counter, The following two chapters are
a presentation of typical ESM and ECM systems. The final three chapters cover the integration of ESM and ECM systems as well
as two subjects, suppression of enemy air defense and directed energy weapons, which differ from the typical ECM systems.
Included with each chapter describing systems is a conclusion section which discusses possible future developments for the
group of systems.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A275 517
Pevler, A.E. "Security Implications of High-Power Microwave Technology." In: 1997 International Symposium on Technology and
Society, Technology and Society at a Time of Sweeping Change. Proceedings. Glasgow, UK, 20-21 June 1997. New York, NY: IEEE,
1997. p. 107-111.
Abstract:The development of high-power microwave (HPM) weaponry, and its proliferation into subversive organizations, offers the means
to commit the "perfect crime." HPM attacks typically leave no residual evidence and their effects can range from nuisance
to catastrophic. The paper highlights some of the unusual aspects of HPM technology and raises issues regarding security of
airliners, commercial power systems and other targets. It also discusses strategies to begin mitigating the risks.
Peyser, T.A. et al. "Reduction of Three-Halved Harmonic Emission from Laser-Produced Plasmas with Broadwidth Induced Spatial
Incoherence at 0.53 Microseconds." Memorandum Report 6798. Washington, DC: Naval Research Laboratory, 24 May 1991. 27p.
Abstract:Measurements of the omega sub 0/2 emission from Laser irradiated targets at 0.53 microns were made at three angles over a
wide range of Laser bandwidths with and without induced spatial incoherence (ISI) echelons. The 3 microns/2 emission was found
to be correlated with hard x rays but not Raman spectra suggesting that the 3 omega sub 0/2 radiation was due to two plasmon
decay. Reduction of both 3 omega sun 0/2 emission and the accompanying hard x rays by ISI required five to ten times larger
bandwidths than needed to suppress stimulated Raman scattering and stimulated Brilloin scattering.
REPORT NUMBER: NRL-MR-6798
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A235 798
Phillips, Robert M. "Modulatable Thin Film Emission Space Gun." Final Technical Report. October 1985-June 1986. Campbell,
CA: Star Microwave, November 1987. 54p.
Abstract:The objective of this research program was to determine the feasibility of using a Spindt type thin film emitter chip to produce
amperes of low voltage modulated current at tens of kilovolt beam voltage for a space application. The specific requirement
was for a pulse modulated column of electrons of 10 amperes current at 50 kilovolts voltage. A design effort determined that
a 2-inch diameter chip would be required to provide this current with conservative emission current density. A conceptual
design was developed consisting of an array of emitting regions producing beamlets which were to be accelerated through a
gridded or perforated anode at approximately 3 kilovolt voltage, followed by post-acceleration to 50 kilovolts. Feasibility
was to be demonstrated by using smaller (1/2-inch square) standard emitter chip of the type produced by SRI International
for their field emissions research program. This chip was to be tested to the same current density as would be required of
the 2-inch chip. A test electron gun employing a standard emitter chip was designed and fabricated based on the results of
a computer-derive electron optics model. Of five emitter chips started only two were successful and were delivered for use
in the test gun. One chip was lost during assembly of the test gun due to breakdown of the chip, apparently from RF leakage
while a welding process was being performed. After modifying the construction procedure, the test gun was successfully assembled.
However, during tests, this chip failed catast?ophically at one percent of the current emission which was required to demonstrate
feasibility of the approach.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A189 279
"Physics Division Progress Report, October 1, 1987-December 31, 1988." Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM. December 1989.
80p.
Abstract:This report provides selected accounts of significant progress in research and development achieved by Physics Division personnel
during the period October 1, 1987, through December 31, 1988. It also provides a general description of the goals and interests
of the Division, very brief descriptions of projects in the Division, and a list of publications produced during this period.
The report represents the three main areas of experimental research and development in which the Physics Division serves the
needs of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the nation in defense and basic sciences: (1) fundamental research in nuclear
and particle physics, condensed-matter physics, and biophysics; (2) laser physics and applications, especially to high-density
plasmas; and (3) defense physics, including the development of diagnostic methods for weapons tests, weapon-related high energy-density
physics, and programs supporting the Strategic Defense Initiative.
REPORT NUMBER: LA-11699-PR
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-90-005718
Pierre, J.M. "Integration of Electromagnetic Threats." Alexandria, VA: Defense Nuclear Agency, 1994. In: Electromagnetic Environments
and Consequences. Proceedings of the European Electromagnetics International Symposium on Electromagnetic Environment and
Consequences, EUROEM 94, Bordeaux, France, 30 May - 3 June 1994. (Gramat, France: EUROEM 1995). p3-13. vol. 1.
Abstract:During the Cold War era, the nuclear weapons effects community made significant contributions to the understanding of hostile
electromagnetic effects on many types of military systems. In the United States, these contributions were made possible through
sustained government investment especially by the Department of Defense (DoD), in fundamental and applied research on electromagnetic
pulse (EMP) environments, system interactions, and protection methods. As the likelihood of large scale nuclear war has diminished,
the resources devoted to traditional EMP research has also declined. The irony in this development is that the proliferation
of weapons of mass destruction continues to rise steadily. Current circumstances provide the nuclear effects community with
a unique opportunity to apply its talents to new challenges posed by changing threats and declining resources. The electromagnetics
(EM) community must work together and be creative in developing affordable solutions to meet existing and future needs. A
systematic and integrated approach for dealing with a wide variety of nuclear and nonnuclear electromagnetic environments
holds great promise for both improved performance and cost savings. The individual and collective cooperation of members of
the international EMP and the electromagnetic effects community is essential if such an approach is to be successful.
Pimentel, K.D., D.T Gavel and J.W. Roblee. "Preliminary Findings for Integrated Modeling and Simulation of Directed Energy
Weapons." Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 22 May 1986. 8p. In: 2nd European Simulation Congress, Antwerp, Belgium, 9 September 1986.
Abstract:A preliminary study was recently completed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory of the issues important to the integrated
modeling and simulation of future directed energy weapon (DEW) space platforms. The preliminary study comprised three parts:
(1) a preliminary survey of existing computer codes used for integrated modeling and simulation; (2) work by a multidisciplinary
team on a simple optical beam expander model to motivate cooperation in the three technical areas of space structures, optics,
and control systems; and (3) identifying needs?in integrated modeling and simulation for DEW systems. Results of this study
indicate that much of the technology for end-to-end modeling and simulation of DEW space platforms may be in hand today. However,
there may be critical needs in certain modeling and simulation areas, particularly in the package integration and computer/human
interface areas, that are beyond the current state of the art to meet required levels of performance.
REPORT NUMBER: UCRL-93-765, CONF-8609113-1
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-86-011636
Pocha, M.D. and W.W. Hofer. "Photoconductive Switching for High Power Microwave Generation." Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, October 1990. 20p. In: OPTCON ?90: SPIE Symposium on Laser Science and Applications of Optics, Boston,
MA, 4-9 November 1990.
Abstract:Photoconductive switching is a technology that is being increasingly applied to generation of high power microwaves. Two primary
semiconductors used for these devices are silicon and gallium arsenide. Diamond is a promising future candidate material.
This paper discusses the important material parameters and switching modes, critical issues for microwave generation, and
future directions for this high power, photoconductive switching technology.
REPORT NUMBER: UCRL-JC-104841, CONF-9011125-4
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-91-005433
Pocha, M.D. and W.W. Hofer. "Photoconductive Switching for HPM Generation." Lawrence Livermore, CA: Livermore National Laboratory,
1990. 22p. In: National Conference on High-Power Microwave Technology (5th), West Point, NY (USA), 10-15 June 1990.
Abstract:Photoconductive switching has been explored at LLNL and demonstrated to be a viable technology for high power microwave (HPM)
generation. This technology enables the development of compact, portable, and efficient HPM sources. At LLNL we have successfully
switched 35 KV in <200 ps using laser triggered, 1 (times) 5 (times) 20 mm GaAs switches. Based on these results we are developing
an HPM generator with applications for HPM weapons and high power, wideband radar. The paper will discuss the physics limits
and tradeoffs in the application of this technology. Among the topics discussed will be switching efficiency, candidate switch
materials, laser requirements, applicable laser technologies, generator configurations, and cooling requirements and techniques.
In addition to presenting theoretical and practical considerations, the paper will discuss on-going work at LLNL and elsewhere.
REPORT NUMBER: UCRL-JC-102831, CONF-9006179-6
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-91-005398
Poulsen, P., P.A. Pincosy and G.J. Burke. "General Limits on the Performance of High Power Radiators." Livermore, CA: Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, October 1994. 6p. In: Conference on High Power Microwaves (7th), Monterey, CA, 31 October 1994.
Abstract:Performance of high power radiators of electromagnetic energy can be limited by constraints such as those due to voltage holding,
corona power loss, and antenna impedance and efficiency. The issues are addressed in such a way that general limits on the
electric field and energy at a distance is obtained as a function of wavelength, pulse duration, and size of the radiating
element. We address the relation between the frequency content of the driving pulse and the complex impedance of the antenna;
the importance of minimizing the antenna impedance and therefore limiting the antenna input voltage is clearly shown. For
example, driving the antenna at a resonance with a simple oscillating waveform is shown to allow the radiation of energy with
two to three times the efficiency of a mono-polar pulse input. With this information, the prospects for a successful system
design of a given size to deliver a specified amount of radiation to a target at a given distance can be quickly assessed.
REPORT NUMBER: UCRL-JC-117133, CONF-9410341-1
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-95-010732
Prantil, V.C. "Response of a Thin Cylindrical Shell Under Lateral Impulse Loads." Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Labs.,
March 1988. 78p.
Abstract:In support of the current directed energy weapons program investigating lethality levels of short pulse width lasers, a combined
analytical/experimental program has been underway to predict large deformation response of conceptual ballistic missile designs
to impulsive loading. Both unpressurized cylindrical shell models have been analyzed and tested. Such impulsively loaded structures
exhibit large scale plastic deformation and local dynamic pulse buckling instability which subsequently influence the loaded
surface collapse. Impulse loads were simulated using both lead spray and light initiated high explosive techniques. Finite
element calculation using a modified form of the Hughes-Liu shell element verify several characteristics of the structural
response observed in experiments. The role of the computational results in identifying lethal impulse levels and response
modes is described. In addition, the requirements for initial imperfections and fine mesh discretization for these problems
are discussed.
REPOR5T NUMBER: SAND-87-8229
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-88-008071
Prishchepenko, A.B., V.V. Kiseljov and I.S. Kudimov. "Radio Frequency Weapon at the Future Battlefield." Moscow, Russia: Central
Science and Research Institute for Chemistry and Mechanics, 1994. In: Electromagnetic Environments and Consequences. Proceedings
of the European Electromagnetics International Symposium on Electromagnetic Environment and Consequences, EUROEM 94, Bordeaux,
France, 30 May - 3 June 1994. (Gramat, France: EUROEM 1995). p. 266-271. vol. 1.
Abstract:The incapacitation power of a radio frequency weapon (RFW) consists of inducing in the target's circuits fatal current and
voltage for solid state elements (SSE). Though the energy required for such effects in SSE is small (microjoules), the electromagnetic
energy decreases substantially before reaching a critical SSE. The authors discuss the basic technical characteristics of
RFWs which are based on vircators, magnetrons, high explosive chemical energy in direct converters using magnetic field compression,
etc. In particular, the authors discuss the microwave sources. The authors then discuss the conceptual aspects of RFW application.
Pritchard, R.H. "SDI Weapons Simulation-'From Light to Rocks.'" Huntsville, AL: BDM Corp., 1987. In: Proceedings of the 1987
Summer Computer Simulation Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 27-30 July 1987. San Diego, CA: SCS, 1987. p. 931-932.
Abstract:Because many of the weapons proposed for SDI cannot ever be operationally tested, simulations are playing a critical role
in the development of both kinetic energy weapon (KEW) and directed energy weapon (DEW) concepts. Moreover, even though other
SDI subsystems (such as SATKA and BM/C/sup 3/) must also be simulated, it is the weapon that lies at the heart of a credible
strategic defense. This paper gives an overview of SDI simulations that places the role of weapon simulation in proper perspective.
"Proceedings of the Eighth DOD Conference on DEW Vulnerability, Survivability, and Effects." SURVIAC (Survivability/Vulnerability
Information Analysis Center), October 1992. 2 volumes.
Abstract:This conference, held in June 1992, provided a forum for discussion, interchange, and debate of accomplishments, discoveries,
and issues in the areas of vulnerability, survivability, and effects of Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) such as lasers, standards,
laser illumination tests, hazards and medical implications, capabilities, requirements, and myths. The conference was particularly
significant because of the progress made in laser technologies and in the critical military use of new materials and substances
affected by these new techno?ogies. Volume I of the proceedings details the general session and numerous presentations given
on structures (tactical and space), eye and personnel protection, space platforms, and sensors. Volume II presents poster
papers from the conference. [Proceedings of the fifth through seventh DEW conferences are also available from SURVIAC].
http://surviac.flight.wpafb.af.mil
Qiwan, Fang, Yin Zhixiang and Jiang Chuanfu. "Menace of Anti-Ship Missiles and Shipborne Laser Weapons." Wright-Patterson
AFB, OH: National Air Intelligence Center, 22 July 1996. 20p. Translation of Jiguang Jishu (Laser Technology) (China), December
1995, v. 19, n. 6, p. 365-370.
Abstract:This paper discusses the menace of antiship missiles, the difficulties of operational shipborne short range antimissile defense
systems, and a survey of the development of shipborne laser weapons.
REPORT NUMBER: NAIC-ID (RS) T-0337-96
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A313312
Quick, Dennis D. "Simulations of the High Average Power Selene Free Electron Laser Prototype." Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate
School, June 1994. 63p.
Abstract:Free electron laser (FEL) technology continues to advance, providing alternative solutions to existing and potential problems.
The capabilities of an FEL with respect to tunability, power and efficiency make it an attractive choice when moving into
new laser utilization fields. The initial design parameters, for any new system, offer a good base to begin system simulation
tests in an effort to determine the best possible design. This is a study of the Novosibirsk design which is a prototype for
the proposed SELENE FEL. The design uses a three-section, low-power optical klystron followed by a single-pass, high-power
radiator. This system is inherently sensitive to electron beam quality, but affords flexibility in achieving the final design.
The performance of the system is studied using the initial parameters. An FEL, configured as a simple, two section optical
klystron is studied to determine the basic operating characteristics of a high current FEL klystron.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A280 780
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