Directed Energy Weapons: A Bibliography

Although there are a number of very relevant reports issued with distribution limitations (e.g. FOUO or DOD only) due to the public nature of this bibliography, this section includes unclassified/unlimited distribution references only. Abstracts were taken from various databases and were written by the authors of the documents cited or by the abstracting service from which the citations were generated not by the author of this bibliography.

Major, A.L. and A.A. Vivona, Jr. "Space Shuttle Integration Considerations for Nuclear Power System." In: Space Nuclear Power Systems 1984; Proceedings of the First Symposium, Albuquerque, NM, January 11-13, 1984. Volume 1. Malabar, FL: Orbit Book Co., Inc., 1985, p. 87-91.
Abstract:There is renewed national interest in developing nuclear space power generation technology for the 1990s. The program objective calls for a prototype 100 kW unit in space by 1995. One conceptual design envisions a unit of approximately 3000 kg with a 6 meter length and 4 ?/2 meter diameter. The nuclear subsystem mass (reactor, heat pipes and radiation shield) accounts for approximately 70 percent of the power unit's weight. Airborne Support Equipment (ASE) includes the cargo bay cradles to support the space power system within the Space Transportation System (STS) Orbiter cargo bay. Department of Defense (DOD) potential applications for nuclear space power include directed-energy weapons, electronic jamming, and surveillance operations. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) envisions such use in providing electrical power for space stations, lunar operations, and deep planetary explorations. This paper examines some integration issues involved in using the STS and focuses on safety considerations.

Manheimer, Wallace M. "High Power Microwaves for Defense and Accelerator Applications." Memorandum Report 6661. Washington, DC: Naval Research Laboratory, 11 June 1990. 74p.
Abstract: This paper discusses high power microwaves for application to the Defense Department and to the powering of large accelerators. The microwave sources discussed are the SLAC klystron, the relativistic klyston, the magnetron and the vircator.
REPORT NUMBER: NRL-MR-6661
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A223 550

Marquet, Louis C. "Directed Energy Program." In: Lasers '85; Proceedings of the Eight International Conference, Las Vegas, NV, December 2-6, 1985. McLean, VA: STS Press, 1986, p. 247-252.
Abstract: The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization's Directed Energy Program is a technology-development effort aimed at the identification and validation of promising candidate systems for boost-phase and postboost-phase interception of ballistic missiles, as well as missile midcourse-phase interactive discrimination of warheads from decoys. Both near-term, first-generation systems and longer term development thrusts are encompassed, for the cases of space-based lasers, ground-based lasers, space-based particle beams, and nuclear directed energy weapons. Attention is presently given to recent significant accomplishments.

Marshall, Albert H. and Ronald S. Wolff. "Semiconductor Laser Weapon Trainer and Target Designator for Live Fire." Patent. Washington, DC: Department of the Navy, Filed 20 May 1991, Patented 16 March 1993. 6p.
Abstract: Disclosed is a capability for training and other uses wherein a firearm can be aligned with its target by use of a laser beam, or the target can be designated to others by illuminating it with the laser beam. A laser diode that provides visible light is used in conjunction with the boresight of a gun to paint a visible spot on an intended target at the location the bullet will impact if the weapon were fired, The beam emitted by the diode is collimated by a miniature gradient refractive index lens co-located with the diode on a heat sink that is included to convey heat away from the heat sensitive components. A circuit having a photodiode and a differencing amplifier is included to provide stability in the output of the laser, in order to overcome the effects of thermal excursions, and to protect the reflective surfaces of the laser from power surges. The on-off switch is a pressure sensitive material removably attached to the gun in a convenient location for it to be operated by the user's gun hand.
PATENT: 5,194,007

Mastroianni, George R. "Qualitative Arms Control: The Case of Laser Weapons." Report for May 1989 ? June 1990. Presidio of San Francisco, CA: Letterman Army Institute, 11 September 1990. 16p.
Abstract: One type of arms control agreement limits the possession or use of specific kinds of weapons ? such agreements are called qualitative arms control. Placing numerical limits on arsenals is more common quatitative arms control. This paper examines the history of qualitative arms control in the twentieth century, and discusses some theoretical analyses of the conditions necessary for successful arms control negotiations. Laser weapons, which are emerging as a matter of international concern, are discussed in light of the general principles that arise from consideration of the theoretical issues in arms control. Of particular concern are the need for mutual interest in reaching agreement among the parties to arms control negotiations, and the achievement of parity. The achievement of international control of laser weapons is not likely to succeed soon, because the conditions necessary for effective negotiation have been met.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A229 132

Mastroianni, George R. and B. Stuck. "Soldier Awareness of the Threat from Directed Energy." Report for April-October 1989. Presidio of San Francisco, CA: Letterman Army Institute of Research, September 1989. 19p.
Abstract: Ten intelligence specialists responded to a survey concerning basic knowledge of directed energy (DE) weapons, countermeasures, and characteristics. The responses indicated sophisticated understanding of the DE threat in some areas, but significant weakness in others. In particular, understanding of the dimensions and ranges of current lasers was poor, as was knowledge of laser injury symptomatology and first aid procedures. The result suggest specific areas for training development effort in the future.
REPORT NUMBER: LA-IR-88-75
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A214 319

Mayhall, D.J. and J.H. Yee. "Low-Frequency Circuit Analysis of MHD-EMP-Induced Transients on Three-Phase Distribution Systems." Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, July 1992. 6p. In: 1993 HEART Conference, Orlando, FL, 1-5 February 1993.
Abstract: The magnetohydrodynamic electromagnetic pulse (MHD-EMP) generated by a nuclear explosion in the earth's ionosphere is believed by a number of researchers to pose a potentially severe threat to long electric utility transmission and distribution systems in the United States. The disturbances caused by MHD-EMP are similar to the electromagnetic transients caused by solar-induced geomagnetic storms, but are generally expected to be more intense with shorter durations. Recent solar-induced storms have caused appreciable damage to electric utility equipment in Canada and the northern United States. In March of 1989, a solar-induced geomagnetic storm caused a blackout of the Hydro-Quebec power system in the province of Quebec, failure of step-up power transformers at the Salem Nuclear Generating Plant of the Public Service Electric and Gas Company, and a number of less severe power disruptions in the United States. Since the amplitudes of MHD-EMP induced transients are expected to be stronger than those produced by solar-induced geomagnetic storms, unprotected electric utility power systems may be quite vulnerable to MHD-EMP.
REPORT NUMBER: UCRL-JC-111477, CONF-9302120-3
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-93-016450

McCulloch, W.H. "Estimated Burst Power Requirements for Selected SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative) Missions." Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Labs., 1986. 22p. In: Symposium on Space Nuclear Power Systems, Albuquerque, NM, 13 January 1986.
Abstract: Power requirements are estimated for several candidate missions proposed for the Strategic Defense Initiative. The missions of interest are those requiring large electric power supply and power conditioning systems for space-based directed energy weapons, including electromagnetic launchers, free-electron lasers, and neutral particle beams. In general, the power requirements are determined by working backward from lethality considerations, using preliminary descriptions of weapons performance and of candidate engagement scenarios.
REPORT NUMBER: SAND-85-1840C, CONF-860102-6
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-86-005438

McGrath, Steven J. "The Electromagnetic Pulse Environment and Its Influence on Tactical Electric and Communications Equipment." Master's thesis. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, March 1992. 95p.
Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to aid the military communicator in understanding the phenomenon that is known as the electromagnetic pulse (EMP). This thesis includes a brief history and definition of the EMP and a description of the various EMP environments. It also discusses the effects an EMP can have on exposed electronic components and communications equipment. It provides a description of the major approaches that are used to reduce the harmful effects of an EMP. A discussion of the factors considered in a cost benefit analysis is included for the purpose of establishing cost and benefit considerations relevant to a system's evaluation. The thesis concludes that the decision of whether or not to protect electronic and communications equipment from an EMP depends on many factors, including the criticality of the equipment's mission and the cost of EMP hardening compared to the benefits received. It also concludes that the nation should maintain its EMP hardening effort for critical systems.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A246 754

McKenzie-Wilson, R. B. "Neutral Beam Test Facility and Radiation Effects Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory." Upton, NY: Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1990. 22p. In: Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (11th), Denton, TX, 5-8 November 1990.
Abstract: As part of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has constructed a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) and a Radiation Effects Facility (REF). These two facilities use the surplus capacity of the 200-MeV Linac injector for the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). The REF can be used to simulate radiation damage effects in space from both natural and man made radiation sources. The H(sup (minus)) beam energy, current and dimensions can be varied over a wide range leading to a broad field of application. The NBTF has been designed to carry out high precision experiments and contains an absolute reference target system for the on-line calibration of measurements carried out in the experimental hall. The H(sup (minus)) beam energy, current and dimensions can also be varied over a wide range but with tradeoffs depending on the required accuracy. Both facilities are fully operational and will be described together with details of the associated experimental programs.
REPORT NUMBER: BNL-45225, CONF-9011161-1
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-91-000899

McPherson, A. and C.K. Rhodes. "High Brightness X-Ray Source for Directed Energy and Holographic Imaging Applications." Final report on Phase 2. Chicago, IL: MCR Technology Corp., 31 March 1992. 169p.
Abstract: Advances in x-ray imaging technology and x-ray sources are such that a new technology can be brought to commercialization enabling the three-dimensional (3- D) microvisualization of hydrated biological specimens. The Company is engaged in a program whose main goal is the development of a new technology for direct three dimensional (3-D) x-ray holographic imaging. It is believed that this technology will have a wide range of important applications in the defense, medical, and scientific sectors. For example, in the medical area, it is expected that biomedical science will constitute a very active and substantial market. The basis of this view, is represented directly below. The application of physical technologies for the direct visualization of biological entities has had a long and extremely fruitful history. The invention of the light microscope in the 17th century and the development of the electron microscope shortly before World War II, have obviously been enormously successful scientifically. Equally significantly, these two landmark advances, in addition to revealing radically new physical features of the human environment, have also had a profound and unexpected influence on man's spiritual perception of his world. The light microscope opened up an unseen universe, not only of strange plant and animal life, but also one embodying new shapes and forms, serving to challenge and stimulate the mind. The electron microscope, by greatly enhancing the spatial resolution achievable, led to further seminal findings, such as the first views of viral particles and the complex cytoskeletal structure of cells.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A248 858

Mensing, R.W. "Probabilistic Method for Estimating System Susceptibility to HPM." Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 18 May 1989. 14p.
Abstract: Interruption of the operation of electronic systems by HPM is a stochastic process. Thus, a realistic estimate of system susceptibility to HPM is best expressed in terms of the probability the HPM have an effect on the system (probability of effect). To estimate susceptibility of complex electronic systems by extensive testing is not practical. Thus, it is necessary to consider alternative approaches. One approach is to combine information from extensive low level testing and computer modeling with limited high level field test data. A method for estimating system susceptibility based on a pretest analysis of low level test and computer model data combined with a post test analysis after high level testing is described in this paper.
REPORT NUMBER: UCID-21731
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-89-014307

Mensing, R.W., R.J. King and H.S. Cabayan. "Method for Estimating the Susceptibility of Electronic Systems to HPM (High Power Microwave)." Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, May 1988. 69p.
Abstract: In this report, a method for estimating the susceptibility of electronic systems to High Power Microwave (HPM) is advanced. This method is being incorporated into an overall DOD assessment methodology that is being prepared by a tri-service working group headed by the Air Force. In the next two years, the methodology will be applied to assess several military systems and modified as necessary to establish a nationally-approved standard methodology. The objective of the effort is to establish a standardized assessment methodology to guide all ongoing US HPM system effects assessment activities. The work will involve development of a detailed, integrated assessment plan that includes system functional analyses (i.e., system analyses and including all analytical modeling of HPM coupling and subsystem/component susceptibility), low power characterization test, (i.e., coupling/subsystem component tests and system functional response tests), HPM effects tests, and post-test analyses combining system functional analyses, low power characterization test, and methods for extrapolating test results to possible threat parameter regimes not readily simulated.
REPORT NUMBER: UCID-21430
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-88-012246

Merritt, Paul H. et al. "Active Tracking of a Ballistic Missile in the Boost Phase." Kirkland AFB, NM: Air Force Phillips Laboratory, 1996. In: The International Society for Optical Engineering Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing X, 1996, Orlando, FL, April 10-11, 1996. Bellingham, WA: SPIE, the International Society of Optical Engineering (SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2739), 1995, p. 19-29.
Abstract: Active tracking of a ballistic missile during the boost phase is a very challenging problem. The airborne laser (ABL) is one of several directed energy weapon programs that is interested in active track since the ABL design may use this technique. The Phillips Laboratory in response to this technical challenge has embarked on a project to verify the feasibility of active tracking over a long horizontal path through the atmosphere. The project is composed of two independent phases. The first phase is investigating tracking through a turbulent atmosphere using a scaled range with a static target at Lincoln Laboratory. The second phase of the project will demonstrate active tracking of boosting theater ballistics missiles using the SeaLite Beam Director at the High Energy Laser system Test Facility at White Sands Missile Range. This paper will present some of the tracking data and review the progress of the tests at both sites.

Messier, M.A. "Peaceful Nuclear Explosion (PNE) Monitoring Techniques." Final report. 23 May 1977-31 July 1979. Santa Barbara, CA: Mission Research Corp., June 1979. 103p.
Abstract: This report presents the results of a preliminary study of techniques, which will aid in reducing the ability of a signatory of a peaceful nuclear explosion (PNE) treaty to use a PNE for illegal purposes, e.g., the testing of nuclear weapons or testing the vulnerability of military systems to nuclear weapons effects. The scope of the study includes investigation of both technical means and appropriate treaty provisions. Ideally, a combination of monitoring techniques, e.g., seismic, EMP, and infrared would be combined with selected treaty provisions to provide maximum assurance that covert testing was not being conducted. Theoretical studies involve the development of individual technologies as well as the most effective methods for combining them. In this effort, emphasis has been placed on investigating the feasibility of an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) monitoring system. Such a system may be useful, when used in conjunction with a seismic system, for detecting explosions hidden among one or more declared peaceful explosions.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A148 561

Miklasevich, James. "A Parametric Analysis of HELSTAR." Master's thesis. Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH: Air Force Institute of Technology, 1983. 96p.
Abstract: The HELSTAR program is analyzed with a view towards verification and validation. The program is divided into three major areas for parametric study: battle management, laser system and battle scenario. The effects of atmospheric attenuation of laser energy, total number of attacking missiles, type of satellite orbit, and time-dependent launches on total system effectiveness are analyzed. In the course of the study the effect of constellation altitude was found to have a significant effect on the size of the final 'optimum' constellation. Since this altitude is determined by the program during initialization and cannot be controlled by the user, it can be considered a limitation of the program. Also, during the investigation of time-dependent launches, an error was found that led to invalid results. The exact location of this report could not be determined. Aside from the above mentioned limitations, the program was found to generate logical results. It was felt that potential users could use the program with a high degree of confidence that the engagements between ICBM's and space-based lasers were being modeled correctly.
REPORT NUMBER: AFIT/GSO/OS/83D-7
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A141 143

"Militarily Critical Technologies List." Volume 1. List of Militarily Critical Technologies. Washington, DC: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition), October 1989. 365p.
Abstract: The FY 1989 MCTL is published in three volumes. The three volumes together outline those items which the Department of Defense considers militarily critical and furnishes detailed descriptions and rationales for inclusion of the items on the MCTL. Volume I, contains the list of militarily critical technologies required by the Export Administration Act of 1979, as well as particulars of all the critical elements. Topics include: Information systems and networks technology; Computer hardware technology; Computer software technology; Automated control of industrial systems (ACIS) technology; Materials and production technology; Directed Energy and Kinetic Energy systems technology; Semiconductor and electronic component technology; Instrumentation technology; Telecommunications technology; Communication, navigation, guidance, control and identification technology; Microwave millimeter wave technology; Optical technology; Sensor technology; Sea surface and undersea systems technology; Chemicals and biotechnology; Nuclear related technology; Survivability and hardening technology; Energy systems technology; Energetic materials and devices technology. .
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A221 602

"Missiles et Fleches Electromagnetiques (Electromagnetic Missiles and Darts)." Final report. Societe d'Etudes et Conseils Aero, Paris (France). April 1994. 30p. Text in French; summary in English. Sponsored by Direction des Recherches, Etudes et Techniques, Paris (France). Centre de Documentation de l'Armement.
Abstract: This study addresses the question of whether the high-powered microwave type directed-energy weapon is a promising concept or a mathematical construction that will inevitably be destroyed by physical and technological constraints. The report devotes a section to the problems of source and receiver and the electromagnetic dart concept, one section to the study of the properties of an electromagnetic field radiated by a system of finite extensions, and another section to the coupling of the field with antennas at transmission and at reception. The study leads to the second of the above conclusions. The list of bibliographical references is extensive.
REPORT NUMBER: AERO-23594-NC

Montanarelli, Nick and Ted Lynch. "Applications of the Strategic Defense Initiative's Compact Accelerators." Washington, DC: Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, Office of Technology Applications. December 1991. 9p. In: NASA, Washington, Technology 2001: The Second National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, Volume 2, p. 503-511. [N92-22676]
Abstract: The Strategic Defense Initiative's (SDI) investment in particle accelerator technology for its directed energy weapons program has produced breakthroughs in the size and power of new accelerators. These accelerators, in turn, have produced spinoffs in several areas: the radio frequency quadrupole linear accelerator (RFQ linac) was recently incorporated into the design of a cancer therapy unit at the Loma Linda University Medical Center, an SDI-sponsored compact induction linear accelerator may replace Cobalt-60 radiation and hazardous ethylene-oxide as a method for sterilizing medical products, and other SDIO-funded accelerators may be used to produce the radioactive isotopes oxygen-15, nitrogen-13, carbon-11, and fluorine-18 for positron emission tomography (PET). Other applications of these accelerators include bomb detection, non-destructive inspection, decomposing toxic substances in contaminated ground water, and eliminating nuclear waste.
ACCESSION NUMBER: N92-22732/AD-A339 072

Moore, H.L., Jr. and R.J. Shippell, Jr. "Directed Energy Technologies: Weaponization and Barrier Applications." US Army ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ. In: IEEE Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, Proceedings. Proceedings of the 1996 30^th IEEE Annual International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, October 2-4, 1996. p. 220-225.
Abstract:The military is coordinating with other government agencies to develop Directed Energy Technologies which can be used as nonconventional incapacitation weapons. The focus of the research is the use of either acoustic energy or the combination of acoustic energy and flashing white light to protect the citizenry against crime and other threats to civil liberty while reducing collateral damage.

Moose, William J. "A Proportional-Plus-Integral Controller for a Particle Beam Weapon." Master's thesis. Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH: Air Force Institute of Technology, 1984. 98p.
Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to design a proportional-plus-integral (PI) controller, for use with the Meer filter, to control a particle beam weapon. The device used to measure the beam produces a low signal rate, the Meer filter is used to produce and estimate of the beam position. Atype-1, proportional-plus-integral controller is designed using LQG assumptions and dynamic programming to solve the cost function. A sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the system sensitivity to different parameters. A performance analysis is also performed to demonstrate the system robustness to unmodeled errors. The results of these analyses are compared to a type-O, proportional gain controller. In addition the PI controllers ability to regulate to non-zero setpoint is demonstrated.
REPORT NUMBER: AFIT/GA/ENG/84D-3
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A153 213

Morgan, K.D. et al. "Conventional Armament Technology Area Plan, FY96." Eglin AFB, FL: Wright Laboratory, July 1995. 35 p.
Abstract: The FY96 Conventional Armament Technology Plan (TAP) is used to explain and outline the technologies and programs the Wright Laboratory Armament Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL performs. It is reviewed by the Air Force Science and Technology community to inform and to report Air Force activities throughout the Air Force Laboratories. The TAP provides the reader with the Armament Directorate's Vision, basic funding, and major accomplishment of the major technology thrust areas at the Armament Directorate. These thrusts are (a) the Advanced Guidance Thrust, (b) the Ordnance Thrust, and (c) the Instrumentation Thrust. The Conventional Armament TAP is one of several technology plans that supports Wright Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH.
REPORT NUMBER: WL-TR-96-7000
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A299 085 [also available via DTIC's Fulltext Technical Reports Internet Site]

Muller, Clifford H. "Department of Defense High Power Laser Program Guidance." Final report. Kirtland AFB, NM: Phillips Laboratory, 6 June 1994. 23p.
Abstract: The DoD investment of nominally $200 million per year is focused on four high power laser (HPL) concepts: Space-Based Laser (SBL), a Ballistic Missile Defense Organization effort that addresses boost-phase intercept for Theater Missile Defense and National Missile Defense, Airborne Laser (ABL), an Air Force effort that addresses boost-phase intercept for Theater Missile Defense, Ground-Based Laser (GBL), an Air Force effort addressing space control, and Anti-Ship Missile Defense (ASMD), a Navy effort addressing ship-based defense. Each organization is also supporting technology development with the goal of achieving less expensive, brighter, and lighter high power laser systems. These activities represent the building blocks of the DoD program to exploit the compelling characteristics of the high power laser. Even though DoD's HPL program are focused and moderately strong, additional emphasis in a few technical areas could help reduce risk in these programs. In addition, a number of options are available for continuing to use the High-Energy Laser System Test Facility (HELSTF) at White Sands Missile Range. This report provides a brief overview and guidance for the five efforts which comprise the DoD HPL program (SBL, ABL, GBL, ASMD, HELSTF).
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A282 915

Nakai, John H. and Mark S. McCray. "Strategic Defense Initiative Mass Properties Challenges." In SAWE, 45^th Annual Conference, Williamsburg, VA, May 12-14, 1986. 15p.
Abstract: An overview is presented of the terminology and technical challenges associated with the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), considering also specific impacts of SDI on mass properties engineering. The overall objective of SDI is to create technology options and concepts for a multitiered defense system against either land- or sea-based energy ICBMs. Directed energy weapons include space-based chemical lasers (such as hydrogen, fluoride and deuterium fluoride), ground-based lasers with space-based mirrors, X-ray lasers, space-based neutral particle beams, electron beams, microwave generators, and others. Kinetic energy weapons include rockets, electromagnetic guns and hypervelocity guns. Mass properties analysis is very important because feasibility of the entire defense concept depends on the development of a workable system which competes economically against offensive countermeasures, and system mass is one of the strongest drivers of system cost. Topics covered include: predesign tasks, computer modeling, the ASTRA (Advanced Synthesis and Technical Requirements Analysis program) .
REPORT NUMBER: SAWE Paper 1701

Namkung, W., J.Y. Choe and H.S. Uhm. "Research Program on a Compact and High-Power Microwave Tube." Final report. Silver Spring, MD: Naval Surface Weapons Center, February 1986. 42p.
Abstract: A research program on a compact and high-power microwave tube has been initiated for applications to microwave weapons. The proposed microwave tube is a phase-controlled amplifier based on the newly developed cusptron microwave tube concept. The objective of this program is to develop a cusptron amplifier of 5-9 GHz, 80-100 MW, 10 microsec pulse length, and 1-10 kHZ repetition rate. The immediate goal is the construction of a medium power tube of 5-9 GHz, 200-250 KW, 10 microsec pulse length, and 1 KHz repetition rate. The program covers a three year period, CY 86-88. Contents: Description of Proposed Research; Costs and Schedule; Appendices (Reprints): Observation of Microwave Generation from a Cusptron Device; Linear Theory of Cusptron Microwave Tubes; Experimental Results - Cusptron Microwave Tube Study; Design Study of Cusptron Amplifier for Accelerators.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A171 567

"NCS EMP (National Communications System Electromagnetic Pulse) Mitigation Program: Aerial TI System Test Plan." Final report. Bethesda, MD: Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., August 1986. 32p.
Abstract: This program mitigates the damaging effects of nuclear weapons on regional and national telecommunications capabilities. To meet this objective, the OMNCS has sponsored efforts to create a network level model to assess the effects of High-Altitude EMP (HEMP). In addition, the OMNCS has sponsored efforts to collect the level HEMP effects to data required to support the network-level model. The products of this model will assist the NCS in identifying potential vulnerabilities of national telecommunications capabilities to HEMP and to support National Security & Emergency Preparedness (NSEP) initiatives.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A173 520

"Network Level Fallout Radiation Effects Assessment." Final report. Bethesda, MD: Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., May 1991. 34p.
Abstract: National Security calls for the ability to maintain communication capabilities in times of national disaster, which could include a nuclear attack. Nuclear detonation has two basic by-products for which telecommunication equipments are susceptible to damage. These are electromagnetic pulse (EMP) and fallout radiation. The purposes of the EMP Mitigation Program are to analyze and to lessen the effects of EMP and fallout radiation on national telecommunications resources. Fallout radiation occurs after the initial intense high-frequency EMP, and is the subject of this analysis. Fallout radiation is the residual radiation that remains in the atmosphere after a nuclear blast, and which can be carried by weather conditions to locations far from the detonation point. This analysis focuses on the effects of fallout radiation on the telecommunications network of the American Telephone and Telegraph Co. (AT and T). This assessment of AT and T-network's communications-capabilities uses a network-level approach to assess fallout-radiation effects on the network's performance. The approach used was developed for assessing network-level EMP effects on Public Switched Network communication capabilities. Details are given on how EMP assessments utilize this method. Equipment-level fallout-radiation survivability data is also required.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A245 924

Ng, L.C., M.A. Summers, and V.P. Brugman. "Guidance and Control Experiments at the Nevada Test Site." Livermore, CA: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 26 August 1996. 15p. In: Annual AIAA/BMDO Technology Readiness Conference (5th), Ft. Walton Beach, FL, 16-20 September 1996.
Abstract: Kinetic kill vehicle intercept experiments were conducted at the Nevada Test Site to evaluate a vehicle's intercept performance under a realistic, zero g environment. Intercept experiments successfully identified potential hardware and software deficiencies under divert guidance tests; validated the 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) simulation model; and achieved a submeter intercept in 15 intercept attempts.
REPORT NUMBER: UCRL-JC-125060, CONF-9609248-1
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-96-050418

Nguyen, Richard T. "Simulations of LANL Regenerative MW Free Electron Laser Amplifier." Master's thesis. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997. 54p.
Abstract: The development of a speed-of-light hard-kill weapon system for military applications represents a significant advancement in technology over present conventional kinetic weapon systems. Over the past two decades, the US Navy has successfully developed a megawatt-class chemical laser; however, under some maritime environments, the high power beam propagation was unable to delivery sufficient energy to kill a modern anti-ship missile (ASM) due to significant atmospheric absorption and the resulting thermal blooming process. A critical problem to resolve for the shipboard high-energy laser weapon systems is to develop a shipboard-compatible megawatt-class laser weapon at a wavelength where the atmospheric absorption is smallest. The megawatt-class Free Electron Laser (EEL) has significant advantages over conventional weapon systems and other chemical high-energy laser systems. Infinite magazine, rapid response, and wavelength tunability make the EEL a suitable and desirable shipboard weapon system. This thesis divides into four chapters. Chapters I and II introduce the EEL and background theory of the EEL. Chapter III explores the analysis of the LANL Regenerative MW EEL Amplifier design and optimizes its efficiency. Lastly, chapter IV summarizes the feasibility of achieving the desired efficiency.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A342 024

North Atlantic Treaty Organization. "Defence Research Group. Panel 1 on Long-Term Scientific Studies, Technical Proceedings of the Joint DRG/AGARD Symposium on High Power Microwaves." Brussels, Belgium: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 31 May 1995. 280p.
Abstract: This publication (also published as AGARD-CP-564) contains the unclassified papers presented to a specialists' meeting sponsored jointly by the AGARD Sensor and Propagation Panel and Defence Research group (DRG) of NATO. The topics covered on the occasion of that meeting on the subject of high Power Microwaves (HPM) included: -High Peak Power Generators, Transmission Line and Antenna Peak Power Handling, Atmospheric Microwave Breakdown, Target Coupling Mechanisms-Components and Subsystems Vulnerability-Hardening Against HPM-Test Facilities.
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A295 112

"NRL Review for 1993." Washington, DC: Naval Research Laboratory, 1993. 286p.
Abstract: Featured Research at NRL: Opioid Peptides-X-ray Characterization of Two Potent Enkephalin Analogs; Ultrathin Magnetic Film Research at NRL; Communicating with Chaos; Trans Oceanic Acoustic Propagation and Global Warming; Acoustics: Electroacoustic Transducer Transient Suppression: BiKR-A Range-Dependent, Normal-Mode Reverberation Model for Bistatic Geometries; Predicting Acoustic Signal Distortion in Shallow Water; Chemical/Biochemical research: Development of Polyurethane/Epoxy Based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Damping Applications; Ultrafast Photochemical Processes; Chemical Adhesion Across Composite Interfaces; Nanocapillarity in Fullerine Tubules; and Neuronal Patterning.
REPORT NUMBER: NRL/PU/5230-92-235
ACCESSION NUMBER: AD-A265 666

Nunz, G.J. "Beam Experiments Aboard a Rocket (BEAR) Project." Final report. Volume 1, Project summary. Progress report. Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM. January 1990. 103p.
Abstract:The US Department of Defense's Strategic Defense Initiative Organization is sponsoring the development of neutral particle beam (NPB) technology for strategic defense applications. The first step in demonstrating the functioning of an NPB in space was the development and launch of the Beam Experiments Aboard a Rocket (BEAR) in New Mexico in July 1989. A government, laboratory, and industrial team, under the technical coordination of Los Alamos National Laboratory, designed, developed, and tested the BEAR payload. The primary objective of BEAR was the operation of an NPB accelerator in space. The payload was also designed to study (1) the effects on the space vehicle of emitting an NPB and associated charged beams into the space environment; (2) the propagation and attenuation characteristics of an NPB in space; (3) the dynamics of the charged particle components of the beam in the geomagnetic field; (4) the effects of neutral effluents from the vehicle; and (5) any anomalous or unanticipated phenomena associated with operating an NPB in the space environment. The BEAR experiment successfully demonstrated operation of an NPB accelerator and propagation of the neutral beam as predicted in space, obtained first-of-a-kind NPB physics data, and demonstrated the ability of the BEAR accelerator to survive recovery and to continue operating normally. No unanticipated phenomena were encountered that would significantly delay further development of NPB technology for defensive, space-based weapon systems.
REPORT NUMBRE: LA-11737-MS-Vol 1
ACCESSION NUMBER: DE-92-018091/AD-A338 597